Search results for "force"

On-chip periodic arrays of optical traps based on the superposition of guided modes in silicon waveguides

2019

Since the pioneering work of Kawata and Tani [1], photonic waveguides have long been regarded as efficient optical conveyor belts for potential lab-on-a-chip applications. Indeed, near-field optical forces arising at the surface of such waveguides lead to efficient on-chip guided propulsion of micro- and even nanoparticles [2], as well as cells and bacteria in liquid solutions [3]. However, achieving stable and precisely controlled optical trapping of particles at the surface of a waveguide has been made possible only recently, and even then, it still requires complex photonic electro-optic tools to produce and handle on-chip standing waves [4].

High-Density Arrays of Germanium Nanowire Photoresistors

2006

Here we present for the first time a study of the photoresistive properties and dynamics of ordered, high-density arrays of germanium nanowire photoresistors. Germanium is a wellknown semiconducting material with an indirect bandgap, Eg, of approximately 0.66 eV (temperature T = 300 K) and has been widely used for the fabrication of photodetectors, radiation detectors, charged particle and photon tracking devices, far-infrared photoresistors, and numerous other devices. During the last few years there has also been increasing interest in the use of nanostructures (quantum dots and wires) of both germanium and silicon as materials for potential applications in sensors, nanophotonics, and nan…

Nonlinear vibrations and hysteresis of micromachined silicon resonators designed as frequency-out sensors

1987

Experimental observation of nonlinear vibrations and hysteresis of micromachined silicon resonators is reported. The experimental results are explained using a simple model in which the restoring force acting in the resonator contains a small cubic term. The effects will impose a limit to the maximum amplitude which can be excited while still maintaining reliability of these devices as frequency-out sensors.

High-resolution investigation of nanoparticle interaction with a model pulmonary surfactant monolayer.

2012

The pulmonary surfactant film spanning the inner alveolar surface prevents alveolar collapse during the end-exhalation and reduces the work of breathing. Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the atmosphere or nanocarriers targeted through the pulmonary route for medical purposes challenge this biological barrier. During interaction with or passage of NPs through the alveolar surfactant, the biophysical functioning of the film may be altered. However, experimental evidence showing detailed biophysical interaction of NPs with the pulmonary surfactant film are scant. In this study, we have investigated the impact of a hydrophobic polyorganosiloxane (AmOrSil20) NPs on the integrity as well as on the …

Microscopic observation of unworn siloxane-hydrogel soft contact lenses by atomic force microscopy

2006

In the present study, samples of lotrafilcon A, balafilcon A, and galyfilcon A contact lenses were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode at areas ranging from 0.25 to 400 m2. Mean roughness (Ra), root-mean-square roughness (Rms) and maximum roughness (Rmax) in nanometers were obtained for the three lens materials at different magnifications. The three contact lenses showed significantly different surface topography. However, roughness values were dependent of the surface area to be analyzed. For a 1 m2 area, statistics revealed a significantly more irregular surface of balafilcon A (Ra = 6.44 nm; Rms = 8.30 nm; Rmax = 96.82 nm) compared with lotrafilcon A (Ra = 2.40 nm; …

Mechanical recycling of polylactide, upgrading trends and combination of valorization techniques

2016

[EN] The upcoming introduction of polylactides in the fractions of polymer waste encourages technologists to ascertain its valorization at the best quality conditions. Mechanical recycling of PLA represents one of the most cost-effective methodologies, but the recycled materials are usually directed to downgraded applications, due to the inherent thermomechanical degradation affecting its mechanical, thermal and rheological performance. In this review, the current state of mechanical recycling of PLA is reported, with special emphasis on a multi-scale comparison among different studies. Additionally, the applications of physical and chemical upgrading strategies, as well as the chances to b…

Polylactide-based self-reinforced composites biodegradation: Individual and combined influence of temperature, water and compost

2018

[EN] Self-reinforced polymer composites (SRCs) are proposed as a suitable alternative for composite development, based in the combination of a polymeric matrix and a polymeric fibre made of the same polymer. SRCs based in polylactide (PLA) could be fully biodegradable and their valorisation routes could presumably be assimilated to those for neat PEA. In this sense, the aim of this study was to develop new self-reinforced PLA-based composites and ascertain their biodegradability. For this purpose, PLA-based SRCs were obtained through a thermo-compression procedure and their biodegradability corroborated under standard conditions (ISO 20200). Moreover, a deep study of the effect of the diffe…

Characterization of the conductance mechanisms of DNA origami by AC impedance spectroscopy.

2009

Design of single cyanide-bridged tetranuclear bimetallic rectangles exhibiting ferromagnetic coupling

2005

Abstract The cyanide-bridged tetranuclear bimetallic rectangles ( XPh 4 ) 4 [ Fe 2 III Cu 2 II ( μ - CN ) 4 ( CN ) 8 ( L ) 2 ] · n H 2 O [X = P (1) and As (2); L = bpcam (1) and bpca (2); n = 4 (1) and 0 (2)] have been prepared and their crystal structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction; 1 exhibits intramolecular ferromagnetic interactions (J1 = +3.7 cm−1 and J2 = +7.0 cm−1, H = - J 1 [ S Fe ( 1 ) · S Cu ( 1 ) + S Fe ( 1 a ) · S Cu ( 1 a ) ] − J 2 [ S Fe ( 1 ) · S Cu ( 1 a ) + S Fe ( 1 a ) · S Cu ( 1 ) ] + D [ S Fe ( 1 ) z 2 + S Fe ( 1 a ) z 2 ] ) leading to a low-lying S = 2 spin state.

Guest Effect on Nanopatterned Spin-Crossover Thin Films

2011

International audience; Nanopatterned thin films of the metal–organic framework {Fe(bpac)[Pt(CN)4]} (bpac=bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene) are elaborated by the combination of a sequential assembly process and a lithographic method. Raman microspectroscopy is used to probe the temperature dependence of the spin state of the iron(II) ions in the films (40–90 nm in thickness), and reveals an incomplete but cooperative spin transition comparable to that of the bulk material. Adsorption/desorption of pyridine guest molecules is found to have a substantial influence on the spin‐crossover properties of the thin layers. This interplay between host–guest and spin‐crossover properties in thin films and nano…