Search results for "force"

Mechanical power and segmental contribution to force impulses in long jump take-off

1979

Changes in total mechanical work, its partitioning into different energy states, mechanical power, force-time characteristics, force impulses of body segments and mass center's pathway characteristics during long jump take-off were investigated on four national and six ordinary level athletes. Both cinematographic and force-platform techniques were used. The data showed that the national level jumpers had higher run-up and higher take-off (release) velocities in horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, they were able to utilize efficiently the elastic energy stored in the leg extensor muscles at take-off impact. This was seen in high support leg eccentric and concentric forces, whic…

Shear strength degradation due to flexural ductility demand in circular RC columns

2014

An analytical model was developed to estimate the shear-strength degradation and the residual capacity of circular reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to seismic action. The proposed model is an upgrade of a previously proposed model for axial force $$N$$ , bending moment $$M$$ and shear force $$V$$ ( $$N$$ – $$M$$ – $$V$$ ) interaction domain evaluation for rectangular and circular cross-section RC elements subjected to static loading. The model was extended to the case of circular cross-sections subjected to seismic actions with limitation of the range of variability of the deviation angle between the directions of the stress fields and the crack inclinations, as a function of the …

A Study on the Measurement Instrumentation for a Custom-Made Bipendulum Impact Testing Machine

2008

Experimental investigations of structures under impact loads are normally carried out by means of drop-weight testing rigs, which are often tailor made, and require sensors for fast transient measurement of mechanical quantities (namely, force, displacement, velocity, and absorbed energy). Since these tests are quite expensive, time consuming, and, often, not repeatable, the sensors must provide reliable and interpretable results in the first trial. In this paper, a thorough study on the measurement instrumentation suitable to carry out reliable low-velocity impact tests by means of a custom-made bipendulum impact testing machine is presented. Attention has been focused on the choice of the…

Available Defences for Defendants in the Provisional Measures in Europe: Between Theory and Practice

2014

The EU Enforcement Directive provides a set of provisional measures to be applied by a request of a right-holder of a particular object of intellectual property. Simultaneously, the EU Enforcement Directive envisages a set of defences for an alleged infringer in order to safeguard the balance of parties. This article discusses available defences for an alleged infringer in provisional measures as provided by the EU Member States when norms of the EU Enforcement Directive are transposed in conjuncture with the available court practice. Specifically, the present article focuses not only on the threshold of evidence to be presented by a plaintiff for application of provisional measures but als…

Available Defences in Provisional measures: Between the Enforcement Directive and National law

2015

AbstractThe EU Enforcement Directive provides a set of provisional measures to be applied upon request from a right-holder of a particular object of intellectual property. Simultaneously, the EU Enforcement Directive envisages a set of defences for an alleged infringer (defendant) in order to safeguard the balance of the parties. This article discusses available defences for an alleged infringer in the provisional measures as provided by the EU Member States when the norms of the EU Enforcement Directive are transposed. Specifically, the present article not only focuses on the threshold of evidence to be presented by a plaintiff for the application of provisional measures, but also in regar…

Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees Under Phytotron Conditions

2019

[EN] Phytotron has been widely used to assess the effect of numerous parameters on the development of many species. However, less information is available on how to achieve fast profuse flowering in young fruit trees with this plant growth chamber. This study aimed to outline the design and performance of a fast clear methodology to force flowering in young mandarin trees (cv. Nova and cv. Clemenules) and to analyze the influence of induction intensity on inflorescence type. The combination of a short water stress period with simulated spring conditions (day 13 h, 22 °C, night 11 h, 12 °C) in the phytotron allowed flowers to be obtained only after 68-72 days from the time the experiment beg…

Solution processed pentacene thin films: new routes for building-up plastic field effect transistors

2008

Effects of the prolonged thoracic epidural analgesia on ventilation function and complication rate after the lung cancer surgery.

2006

Thoracic epidural analgesia has been considered to have a good anesthetic efficacy and to decrease the postoperative complication rate, while its effect upon the ventilation function is still the topic of many clinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of early postoperative period using thoracic epidural analgesia. Material and methods. A total of 453 patients undergoing the operation due to the non–small cell carcinoma were selected and examined. Their postoperative complications and mortality rate were evaluated. In 79 patients, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and the efficacy of analgesia wer…

Persecution and Patronage: Oscar Buneman’s years in Britain

2016

The German student Oscar Bunemann, in trouble with the Nazi authorities in the mid-1930s, chose to emigrate to Britain and pursue a PhD there. After emigration, his surname appears as Buneman. On the verge of completing his degree in 1940, he was detained as an enemy alien and spent almost a year in internment. Upon release, he found work as an atomic scientist in England, and went on to lead a post-war career as a pioneering plasma physicist in the USA.We study forced migration of European scientists before and during the Second World War, and scientific patronage in the host countries. Buneman’s case is interesting from several points of view. Being a non-Jewish, non-communist, anti-Nazi …

Pleasurable music affects reinforcement learning according to the listener.

2013

Mounting evidence links the enjoyment of music to brain areas implicated in emotion and the dopaminergic reward system. In particular, dopamine release in the ventral striatum seems to play a major role in the rewarding aspect of music listening. Striatal dopamine also influences reinforcement learning, such that subjects with greater dopamine efficacy learn better to approach rewards while those with lesser dopamine efficacy learn better to avoid punishments. In this study, we explored the practical implications of musical pleasure through its ability to facilitate reinforcement learning via non-pharmacological dopamine elicitation. Subjects from a wide variety of musical backgrounds chose…