Search results for "forestry"

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising roots of the grass species Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne in a field experiment

2004

Analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal diversity through morphological characters of spores and intraradicular hyphae has suggested previously that preferential associations occur between plants and AM fungi. A field experiment was established to investigate whether AM fungal diversity is affected by different host plants in upland grasslands. Indigenous vegetation from plots in an unimproved pasture was replaced with monocultures of either Agrostis capillaris or Lolium perenne. Modification of the diversity of AM fungi in these plots was evaluated by analysis of partial sequences in the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rDNA) genes. General primers for AM fungi were designed for t…

Glomales species associated with surface and deep rhizosphere of Faidherbia albida in Senegal

2000

Five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species were isolated and propagated from surface and deep rhizospheres of Faidherbia albida trees growing in two ecoclimatic zones of West Africa: the semi-arid Sahelian and the more humid Sudano-Guinean areas. Of these species, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus caledonium, and Glomus mosseae were trapped by F. albida roots when cultivated with either surface or deep soils. Glomus fasciculatum was found exclusively at the semi-arid Sahelian sites of Louga and Diokoul and Gigaspora margarita was isolated only from 16.5-m and 34-m-deep samples. Comparable glomalean fungal species richness was identified in deep (1.5–34 m) and surface (0.15 m) samples. The isol…

Multitrophic interactions in the rhizosphere Rhizosphere microbiology: at the interface of many disciplines and expertises.

2008

The rhizosphere – the soil compartment influenced by the root, including the root itself – is the most-active microbial habitat in soils. Indeed, the release by plant roots of a significant part of their photosynthates promotes microbial abundance and activities in the rhizosphere. This investment made by plants is paid back by microbial functions, which contribute to plant nutrition and protection against soil-borne diseases. Indeed, rhizosphere microorganisms play a major role in plant growth and health and, …

Mycorrhizae differentially influence the transfer of nitrogen among associated plants and their competitive relationships

2021

Abstract The formation of a common mycorrhizal network among roots of different plant species growing close to each other can influence plant community dynamics, regulating plant relationships through the differential transfer of nutrients from one plant to another. However, knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate this process is poor. Here we quantify the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae to the transfer of N among heterospecific plants growing adjacent to each other and examine whether the differential transfer of N within the plant community via mycorrhizae can alter competitive relationships among plant species. Plants of four species (wheat, pea, flax, and chicory) were grown in…

Einstein and Twentieth-Century Politics: ‘A Salutary Moral Influence’

2017

Bees increase oilseed rape yield under real field conditions

2018

prod 2018-210 EA GESTAD INRA; International audience; Oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus L.) is a common crop found in many European agricultural landscapes. It ispollinated by a wide variety of insects, but the reported contribution of pollinators to yield varies widely betweenstudies (from 0 to 50%). Moreover, such a contribution has seldom been estimated at the field scale in realfarming conditions. We analysed OSR yields in response to insect pollination; over four years, at two differentscales: farm fields and individual plants. We used both empirical and experimental approaches along a gradientof pollinator diversity and abundance. The empirical approach was based on farm surveys (151 …

Urban landscape evolution as a consequence of an invasive pest: The case of a small sicilian town

2017

The Red Palm Weevil (RPW), after its accidental introduction in Italy in 2005, determined a progressive disruption of Canary palms mostly in the central and southern regions. As it is difficult to undertake the management of this pest, the possibility of substituting the killed/symptomatic palms with other ornamental trees has been recently discussed. In this context, understanding the citizens' needs about green areas can improve the management of public parks and urban greening. Involving citizens on the natural resource management using public participation processes is crucial. The case study of a small town of Sicily (Italy) was treated and the spread of this pest was monitored. Moreov…

The first confirmed population of the globally endangered Pilularia minuta (Marsileaceae) in Sicily

2016

Based on a recent collection made by the authors, the presence of the endangered Pilularia minuta Durieu in Sicily (Italy) is confirmed. Critical review of relevant literature and herbarium specimens suggests that the only previous report for the island, made in 1887, can, fairly confidently, be considered to be the result of a misidentification. There is an urgent need to protect the wetland at Anguillara (near Calatafimi), where the species was found.

Occurrence of ‘blue’ and ‘frost’ rings reveal frost sensitivity of eastern Baltic provenances of Scots pine

2020

Abstract Assisted gene flow is advised as one of the most effective means to sustain the productivity of forests under warming climate via application of the provenances (genotypes) capable to utilize longer vegetation season. Nevertheless in the temperate and boreal zones, the extension of vegetation period also subjects trees to effects of frosts, which can have severe economic impact under warming climate. In this study, wood anatomical anomalies related to late frosts in spring (‘frost’ rings) and early frosts in late summer (‘blue’ rings) for the eastern Baltic provenances of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with a contrasting field performance were analysed retrospectively. Three tria…

Co-Designing Urban Carbon Sink Parks: Case Carbon Lane in Helsinki

2021

In order to achieve the goals of carbon (C) neutrality within next 20 year, municipalities worldwide need to increasingly apply negative emission technologies. We focus on the main principles of urban demonstration areas using biochars for C sequestration and explore the lessons learned from a co-creation process of one such park, Hyväntoivonpuisto in Helsinki, Finland. Demonstration sites of urban C sinks in public parks must be safe, visible and scientifically sound for reliable and cost-effective verification of carbon sequestration. We find that different interests can be arbitrated and that synergy that emerges from co-creation of urban C sink parks between stakeholders (scientists, ci…