Search results for "formal"
showing 10 items of 1654 documents
Cooperation on Readmission in the Mediterranean Area and its Human Rights Implications
Questo lavoro analizza la ‘dimensione esterna’ delle politiche migratorie dell’Unione Europea e dei suoi Stati membri concentrandosi su strumenti, politiche e pratiche di cooperazione internazionale in materia di riammissione, rimpatrio e partenariato per la mobilità con Paesi terzi nell’area mediterranea. In particolare, lo scopo di questo studio è di analizzare criticamente le politiche europee e bilaterali in materia di riammissione, indagando da un lato il crescente ricorso a strumenti di cooperazione internazionale di tipo informale e di natura quasi-giuridica o politica, e dall’altro l’impatto di tali strumenti sul rispetto degli standard internazionali e sovranazionali di tutela dei …
Platonism, intuition and the nature of mathematics
1988
Platonism is an essential aspect of mathematical method. Mathematicians are learned ability " t o l i v e " in the "world" of mathematical concepts. Here we have the main source of the creative power of mathematics, and of its surprising efficiency in natural sciences and technique. In this way, "living" (sometimes - for many years) in the "world"of their concepts and models, mathematicians are learned to draw a maximum of conclusions from a minimum of premises. Fixed system of basic principles is the distinguishing property of every mathematical theory. Mathematical model of some natural process or technical device is essentially a f i x e d m o d e l which can be investigated indepen…
Une typologie de la formalisation de l'éthique en entreprise: l'analyse de contenu de 50 documents
2000
The study of corporate ethics reported in this article sheds light on the content and status of 50 formal ethical statements in large France based companies. Content analysis (with SPAD.T software) reveals potentially divergent view among companies as to the primary nature and purpose of a corporate ethics document. On the one hand, codes contain detailed rules and guidelines devoted to employee conduct. Their objective is to make sure that employees strictly abide by the firm's rules. These documents allow to convey standards setting apart which is good or bad. On the other hand, values statements and corporate principles are shorter documents based on the idea of common trust and includin…
Come e quando le norme internazionali operano negli ordinamenti statali
2023
In this chapter the main issues concerning legal effects of international legal rules in domestic orders are examined in a systematic way. This investigation is underpinned by the following five pillars. First, the idea that States are not bound by international obligations in this respect. Second, that despite the persistent (albeit limited) importance of formal models of incorporation of international law into domestic law, a central role is played by domestic courts, with particular regard to the identification of self-"executing" rules. Third, that international legal rules may sometimes produce legal effects in domestic orders, even in the absence of a formal incorporation into domesti…
Tema 2. Els processos de creació del Dret internacional. Dret Internacional Public. Curs 2019-2020
2019
Tema 2. Els processos de creació del dret internacional 1. Les fonts formals i altres processos de creació del dret internacional. 2. El costum internacional: concepte, elements i classes. 3. Els principis generals de dret. 4. Els actes unilaterals dels estats, l’aquiescència i l’estoppel. 5. La codificació del dret internacional.
Formal synthesis of ent-Cephalotaxine using a one-pot Parham-aldol sequence
2018
A short formal synthesis of ent-Cephalotaxine is achieved. The approach features a new Lewis acid mediated [2,3]-Stevens rearrangement of N-allylated prolineamide to generate a key quaternary stereogenic center. Additionally, a one-pot Parham–aldol sequence was developed to rapidly assembly two of the four rings in the cephalotaxine core. peerReviewed
Computational investigations on rotational and vibrational spectroscopies of some diatomics in solid environment
2013
In this thesis, spectroscopic and structural properties of homogeneous para-hydrogen crystals and diatomic molecules embedded in rare gas crystals are explored by theoretical means. The agreement with experimental signatures indicates the suitability of the chosen quantum and classical methods to accurately describe the various low-temperature physical and chemical problems investigated at the laser laboratory. A novel explanation of band structures in Raman and IR spectra is given for CO in Ar. Rotational transition rules are found to dictate the spectral broadening of infrared and Raman band structures as a function of temperature. The results show that after photodissociation of matrix-i…
Theory languages in designing artificial intelligence
2023
The foundations of AI design discourse are worth analyzing. Here, attention is paid to the nature of theory languages used in designing new AI technologies because the limits of these languages can clarify some fundamental questions in the development of AI. We discuss three types of theory language used in designing AI products: formal, computational, and natural. Formal languages, such as mathematics, logic, and programming languages, have fixed meanings and no actual-world semantics. They are context- and practically content-free. Computational languages use terms referring to the actual world, i.e., to entities, events, and thoughts. Thus, computational languages have actual-world refer…
People with memory illnesses and their spouses as actors in the hybrid care model
2023
Objective: The study analysed how its participants positioned themselves and other people as actors in daily life, and what matters they portrayed as meaningful in seeking and receiving support in daily life. Background: Family care has traditionally played an important role in elder care in Finland. Current policy goals will further increase the importance of family care, yet research on how people with memory illnesses and their spouses perceive care arrangements is scarce. Method: The study drew from theory of relational agency and positioning theory. The data came from semi-structured, in-depth interviews (10) of home-dwelling people diagnosed with a memory illness and their spouses. Th…