Search results for "fragmentation"
showing 10 items of 798 documents
Industrial ecology and sustainable change: inertia and transformation in Mexican agro-industrial sugarcane clusters
2021
This article explores the capacity of industrial ecology to generate sustainable development in Latin America’s agro-industrial clusters. An evolutionary analytical approach is outlined, which is u...
Search for promptly produced heavy quarkonium states in hadronic Z decays
1996
A search has been made for direct production of heavy quarkonium states in more than 3 million hadronic Z^{0} decays in the 1991-1994 DELPHI data. Prompt J/\psi, \psi(2S) and \Upsilon candidates have been searched for through their leptonic decay modes using criteria based on the kinematics and decay vertex positions. New upper limits are set at the 90 \% confidence level for {Br( Z^0 \rightarrow \left( Q \bar{Q} \right) X ) / Br( Z^0 \rightarrow \mbox{hadrons})} for various strong production mechanisms of J/\psi and \Upsilon; these range down to 0.9 \times 10^{-4}. The limits are set in the presence of a small excess (\sim 1 \% statistical probability of a background fluctuation) in the su…
Amusium cristatum shell beds in the lower Pliocene deposits of Almería-Níjar Basin (SE Spain)
2020
Densely packed monospecific-paucispecific Amusium cristatum-dominated shell beds are signifi cant features in the lower Pliocene deposits of the Almeria-Nijar Basin (SE Spain), embedded in distal prodelta fi ne-grained sand and silt. The shells in these concentrations are exceptionally well preserved: articulation is relatively high, fragmentation is low, abrasion is almost lacking, and many shells preserve the original colour pattern. These taphonomic signatures suggest in situ deposition forming autochthonous fossil assemblages, i.e. biological concentrations. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages found in the prodelta deposits indicate that they formed in mesotrophic mid-shelf settings.The A…
Identification and dose dependency of ibuprofen biliary metabolites in rainbow trout
2012
Abstract The biotransformation of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBF) was studied by exposing rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) to IBF via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, and via water at four (0.17, 1.9, 13 and 145 μg L −1 ) exposure levels for 4 d. Following exposure, the bile was collected and analyzed by LC–MS/MS methods. The identification of the formed metabolites in i.p. injected fish bile was based on the exact mass determinations by a time-of-flight mass analyzer (Q–TOF–MS) and on the studies of fragments and fragmentation patterns of precursor ions by ion trap mass analyzer (IT-MS). In addition to unmetabolized IBF, several phase I and phase II metabolites were found …
Benchmarking of strength models for unidirectional composites under longitudinal tension
2018
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Several modelling approaches are available in the literature to predict longitudinal tensile failure of fibre-reinforced polymers. However, a systematic, blind and unbiased comparison between the predictions from the different models and against experimental data has never been performed. This paper presents a benchmarking exercise performed for three different models from the literature: (i) an analytical hierarchical scaling law for composite fibre bundles, (ii) direct numerical simulations of composite fibre bundles, and (iii) a multiscale finite-element simulation method. The results show that there are significant discrepancies between the predictions of the differe…
Synthesis of Reactive Telechelic Polymers Based on Pentafluorophenyl Esters
2008
A diazo initiator and a chain transfer agent (CTA), both containing a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) activated ester, were synthesized. In a RAFT polymerization using the functionalized chain transfer agent (PFPCTA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA), poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), and lauryl methacrylate (LMA) could successfully be polymerized into homopolymers and diblock copolymers with good control over molecular weight, very high conversions, and narrow molecular weight distributions. Polymers derived from the PFP-CTA possessed an activated ester at the R-end of the polymer chain, which could be reacted with amines…
Fragtique: Applying an OO Database Distribution Strategy to Data Warehouse
2001
We propose a strategy for distribution of a relational data warehouse organized according to a star schema. We adapt fragmentation and allocation strategies that were developed for OO databases. We split the most-often-accessed dimension table into fragments by using primary horizontal fragmentation. The derived fragmentation then divides the fact table into fragments. Other dimension tables are not fragmented since they are presumed to be sufficiently small. Allocation of fragments encompasses duplication of non-fragmented dimension tables that we call a closure.
pRb suppresses camptothecin-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase
2001
AbstractThis paper studies the cytotoxic effect induced by the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells, which lack p53 and contain a non-functional form of the product of the retinoblastoma gene, pRb. Cytotoxicity induced by camptothecin was dose- and time-dependent; the treatment with 100 nM camptothecin reduced cell viability by 50% at 32 h and by 75% at 72 h of exposure. The cytotoxic effect was caused by apoptosis, as ascertained by morphological evidence, acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometric analysis. Apoptosis was accompanied by both the activation of caspase-3 and the fragmentation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Treatment wi…
Side-specific effects by cadmium exposure: Apical and basolateral treatment in a coculture model of the blood–air barrier
2010
Cadmium (Cd{sup 2+}) is a widespread environmental pollutant, which is associated with a wide variety of cytotoxic and metabolic effects. Recent studies showed that intoxication with the heavy metal most importantly targets the integrity of the epithelial barrier. In our study, the lung epithelial cell line, NCI H441, was cultured with the endothelial cell line, ISO-HAS-1, as a bilayer on a 24-well HTS-Transwell (registered) filter plate. This coculture model was exposed to various concentrations of CdCl{sub 2}. The transepithelial electrical resistance decreased on the apical side only after treatment with high Cd{sup 2+} concentrations after 48 h. By contrast, a breakdown of TER to less t…
Triclosan induces Fas receptor-dependent apoptosis in mouse neocortical neurons in vitro
2014
Triclosan (TCS) is a commonly used antimicrobial agent in personal care and sanitizing products, as well as in household items. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of TCS in various human tissues. Several studies have reported the accumulation of TCS in fish and human brain tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of TCS on apoptosis in mouse neocortical neurons after 7 days of culture in vitro following 3, 6 and 24 h of exposure. To explore the mechanism underlying the effects of TCS in neurons, we studied the activation and protein expression of the Fas receptor (FasR) and caspase- 8, caspase-9 and caspase-3, as well as DNA fragmentation in TCS-treate…