Search results for "fuel"

Legumes in 21st century Europe: present and future importance in agri-food systems? New challenges for reseach.

2013

Intensification of agriculture since 1950 has globally led to the decline of grain legume crops, which currently represent less than 3 % of arable crops in France and Europe. Nevertheless, legumes have several major assets (i) as plant proteins for animal feed and human food and (ii) as plants fixing atmospheric N2 and thereby saving nitrogen inputs in cropping systems, and (iii) as diversification crops. The analysis of forage and grain legume producing systems in France showed that the dominant system results in a lock-in of the different factors limiting legume insertion into the current systems. But legumes could have a major role to play in the agroecological transition towards more su…

Searching for a robust strategy for minimizing alkali chlorides in fluidized bed boilers during burning of high SRF-energy-share fuel

2015

Abstract To meet the increasing volume of waste to be treated via energy recovery, high SRF-energy-share fuel is being fired in conventional waste-to-energy facilities. In this work, corrosion related risk during firing of 70 e-% share (target fuel) is studied and compared against the base case fuel containing 50 e-% share. Cl and S concentration is highest in the target fuel as a direct result of increasing the proportion of SRF in the fuel mixture. Br, Zn and Pb showed the same trend. Meanwhile, the concentration of Na, K, Al and Si are highly dependent on the type of the SRF fired. The corrosion risk of the base and target fuels are analyzed using the composition of the fine aerosol frac…

Size-confinement of CsH2PO4 in anodic alumina membranes for thin film electrolyte solid acid fuel cell

2007

Commercial Biogas Plants: Lessons for Ukraine

2020

Ukraine has enough biomass resources for biogas production. However, this energy potential is not used sufficiently. This research is aimed at examining the current experience of commercial biogas systems in the Europe Union and its adaptation for Ukraine. Special attention was paid to economic indicators, such as specific investment costs, production costs (biogas, biomethane, and electricity), and incentives. Using statistical data for the European Union and Ukraine, the biogas potential for Ukraine (based on European experience) was determined. The economic competitiveness of biogas production was evaluated compared to alternatives, such as photovoltaic, wind power, biomass, conventional…

Alkaline pretreatment to enhance one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2/CH4 production from sunflower stalks: Mass, energy and economical balances

2015

Abstract Biological production of second generation biofuels such as biohydrogen (H2) or methane (CH4) represents a promising alternative to fossils fuels. Alkaline pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass are known to enhance the accessibility and the bioconversion of hollocelluloses during anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation processes. In the present study, four different configurations were investigated: one-stage CH4 continuous and two-stage H2 batch/CH4 continuous process with and without alkaline pretreatment of sunflower stalks (55 °C, 24 h, 4 g NaOH/100 g TS). The results showed that two stage H2/CH4 (150 ± 3.5 mL CH4 g−1 VS) did not improve methane yields compared to one stag…

Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of solid organic substrates: evaluation of anaerobic biodegradability using data from an international interlabor…

2011

Background: This paper describes results obtained for different participating research groups in an interlaboratory study related to biochemical methane potential (BMP). In this research work, all experimental conditions influencing the test such as inoculum, substrate characteristics and experimental conditions were investigated. The study was performed using four substrates: three positive control substrates (starch, cellulose and gelatine), and one raw biomass material (mung bean) at two different inoculum to substrate ratios (ISR). Results: The average methane yields for starch, cellulose, gelatine and mung bean at ISR of 2 and 1 were 350 ± 33, 350 ± 29, 380 ± 42, 370 ± 36 and 370 ± 35 …

The effects of biomass co-gasification and co-firing on the development of combustion dynamics

2018

Abstract Effects of wheat straw co-firing with gas (propane flame) and co-gasification/co-combustion with wood pellets on the development of thermo-chemical conversion of biomass pellets and on heat energy production were experimentally studied and analyzed with the aim to improve the gasification/combustion characteristics and the applicability of wheat straw as an alternative energy source for cleaner heat energy production. The results suggest that the wheat straw co-firing with propane provides an enhanced thermal decomposition of pellets with more complete combustion of volatiles increasing thus the heat output at thermo-chemical conversion of wheat straw and the produced heat energy p…

Development of anode supported Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells running in air/methane mixture

2013

International audience; Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SCFC) show a growing interest and are the concern of more and more papers. In such device, anode and cathode are ex-posed to a gas mixture of fuel (hydrocarbon) and oxidant (air) so that no more sealing with electrolyte is necessary. Their operating principle is based on the different catalytic activities of anode and cathode: Ideally, the anode has to be active for the oxidation of fuel while the cathode should present only a strong electro-activity for oxygen reduction. In this paper, we present the development of an anode supported SCFC device running in air/methane mixture characterized by their volume ratio, Rmix = CH4/O2.

Boosting Long-Term Stability of Pure Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cells by Ambient Air Additive Assisted Fabrication

2021

Due to the high industrial interest for perovskite-based photovoltaic devices, there is an urgent need to fabricate them under ambient atmosphere, not limited to low relative humidity (RH) conditions. The formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) perovskite α-black phase is not stable at room temperature and is challenging to stabilize in an ambient environment. In this work, we show that pure FAPI perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have a dramatic increase of device long-term stability when prepared under ambient air compared to FAPI PSCs made under nitrogen, both fabricated with N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The T80 parameter, the time in which the efficiency drops to 80% of the initial value, increases f…

Selection of microrganism for the mobilization of cellulolityc agricultural biomass for energy production

2012

Selection of microorganisms for the mobilization of cellulolytic agricultural biomass for energy production. R. Di Bonito, D. Taschini, C. Viola, Campi otti C.A. Unit Energy Efficiency in Agriculure, ENEA Casaccia, Roma, Italy The production of biofuels as renewable energy source could significantly reduce the negati ve impact of fossil fuels. However, this activity has resulted in increasing land cultivation specifically with carbohydrate-rich crops for energy production, and resulting shortage of crop production for food . The use of residual agricultural biomass as a substrate for biofuels or biogas production could improve the sustainabi lity of the bio-energy production but sti li requ…