Search results for "fusion"
showing 10 items of 4513 documents
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a 3.0-T MR study.
2012
International audience; PURPOSE: To compare pure molecular diffusion, D, perfusion-related diffusion, D*, and perfusion fraction, f, determined from diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on the basis of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) theory in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without liver steatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Between December 2009 and September 2011, 108 patients with type 2 diabetes (51 men, 57 women; mean age, 50 years) underwent 3.0-T single-voxel point-resolved proton MR spectroscopy of the liver (segment VII…
Fatty acid oxidation and related gene expression in heart depleted of carnitine by mildronate treatment in the rat.
2004
The metabolic and genic effects induced by a 20-fold lowering of carnitine content in the heart were studied in mildronate-treated rats. In the perfused heart, the proportion of palmitate taken up then oxidized was 5-10% lower, while the triacylglycerol (TAG) formation was 100% greater than in controls. The treatment was shown to increase the maximal capacity of heart homogenates to oxidize palmitate, the mRNA level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) isoforms, the specific activity of CPT-I in subsarcolemmal mitochondria and the total carnitine content of isolated mitochondria. Concomitantly, the increased mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid translocase and enzymes of…
Increased hippocampal head diffusivity predicts impaired episodic memory performance in early Alzheimer's disease
2010
Recent neuroanatomical and functional neuroimaging studies indicate that the anterior part of the hippocampus, rather than the whole structure, may be specifically involved in episodic memory. In the present work, we examined whether anterior structural measurements are superior to other regional or global measurements in mapping functionally relevant degenerative alterations of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty patients with early AD (MMSE 25.7+/-1.7) and 18 healthy controls were studied using magnetic resonance and diffusion-tensor imaging. Using a regions-of-interest analysis, we obtained volumetric and diffusivity measures of the hippocampal head and body-tail-section …
Pretreatment with potent P-glycoprotein ligands may increase intestinal secretion in rats.
2001
The expression of P-glycoprotein is induced in cell cultures upon exposure to various inducers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in-vivo relevance of this observation, i.e. the influence of chronic pretreatments with selected drugs -- all of which are ligands to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as demonstrated in radioligand binding studies and all of which have some or a considerable effect on P-gp expression in Caco-2 cells -- on the effective intestinal permeabilities of the model compound talinolol in rats employing in-situ single-pass intestinal perfusion of three different gut segments. Talinolol was selected, because it shows high selectivity for one of the exsorptive…
Improved effect of the combination naltrexone/D-penicillamine in the prevention of alcohol relapse-like drinking in rats
2014
Opioid antagonists are licensed drugs for treating alcohol use disorders; nonetheless, clinical studies have evidenced their limited effectiveness. Preclinical findings indicate that opioid receptor (OR) antagonists, such as naltrexone (NTX), reduce the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). However, a detailed analysis of published data shows the existence of a delayed increase in ethanol consumption after continuous OR blockade, a phenomenon originally called as ‘delayed ADE’. We have recently reported that D-penicillamine (DP) is able to prevent ADE through a mechanism dependent on the inactivation of acetaldehyde, the main metabolite of ethanol. Hypothetically, OR activation would be trigge…
Combination Therapy of Allopurinol and Dantrolene and Its Role In The Prevention of Experimental Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Of The Small Intestine.
2020
Background: The effect of different drugs on ischemia and reperfusion (I/R; induced oxygen free radical damage) was examined in small bowel tissue because the intestine is extremely sensitive to this pathology. Different drugs (allopurinol and dantrolene) can remove oxygen free radicals or inhibit the mechanisms leading to their generation, thus reducing mucosal lesions. We investigated the protective potential of combination therapy in the intestine against I/R damage. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were separated into 8 groups: one sham (control), one I/R (ischemia 60 min + reperfusion at 24 h), and 6 groups treated with allopurinol, dantrolene, or combination therapy. The grade of…
Isolation and characterization of maerophage-derived C1q and its similarities to serum C1q
1986
Recently, we have shown that the collagen-like, Fc-recognizing subcomponent C1q of the first complement component is synthesized by human, guinea pig and mouse peritoneal macrophages. To test whether macrophages may contribute to the serum pool of C1q, C1q was purified from guinea pig serum and from guinea pig peritoneal macrophage supernatants and compared for similarities. Both molecules had a similar sedimentation rate (macrophage C1q: 11.3 S, serum C1q: 11.2 S) and showed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions three identical bands with molecular weights of Mr, 29 000, Mr, 27 000 and Mr 23 000 for the A, B and C chains, respectively. Both …
Spontaneous confabulation, temporal context confusion and reality monitoring: a study of three patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms.
2010
AbstractSpontaneous confabulation involves the production of false or distorted memories, and is commonly associated with ventromedial prefrontal damage. One influential theory proposes that the critical deficit is a failure to suppress currently irrelevant memory traces that intrude into ongoing thinking (Schnider & Ptak, 1999). In this study, we report experimental investigations with three spontaneously confabulating patients aimed at exploring this account. Using Schnider and Ptak’s (1999) continuous recognition paradigm, we replicated their experimental results with our patients. However, our data suggest that the critical impairment might be more generalized than a failure to supp…
Influence of intracellular convection on the oxygen release by human erythrocytes
1972
There is general agreement today that intracellular diffusive transport of HbO2 and O2 limits the rate of oxygen uptake or release by the blood in the exchange vessels. Recent hemorheological results have shown that the mammalian erythrocyte exhibits fluidity as its most unique rheological property: it can be deformed continuously and rapidly, shear and normal stresses can be transmitted to the interior of the cell where systems of laminar flow are induced. These mechanical properties lead to the question whether or not intracellular convection does take place in the erythrocyte and to what extent it plays a part in gas exchange. A method was developed which subjects oxygen-saturated soluti…
Anticancer oral therapy: Emerging related issues
2010
The use of oral anticancer drugs has shown a steady increase. Most patients prefer anticancer oral therapy to intravenous treatment primarily for the convenience of a home-based therapy, although they require that the efficacy of oral therapy must be equivalent and toxicity not superior than those expected with the intravenous treatment. A better patient compliance, drug tolerability, convenience and possible better efficacy for oral therapy as compared to intravenous emerge as the major reasons to use oral anticancer agents among oncologists. Inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variations in the bioavailability of oral anticancer drugs may be more relevant than for intravenous agen…