Search results for "ganglio"
showing 10 items of 362 documents
A novel automated segmentation method for retinal layers in OCT images proves retinal degeneration after optic neuritis.
2015
Aim The evaluation of inner retinal layer thickness can serve as a direct biomarker for monitoring the course of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer and changes in deeper retinal layers have been observed in patients with MS. Here, we first compare a novel method for automated segmentation of OCT images with manual segmentation using two cohorts of patients with MS. Using this method, we also aimed to reproduce previous findings showing retinal degeneration following optic neuritis (ON) in MS. Methods Based on a 5×5 expansion of the Prewitt operator to efficie…
The mitotic spindle protein SPAG5/Astrin connects to the Usher protein network postmitotically
2011
Abstract Background Mutations in the gene for Usher syndrome 2A (USH2A) are causative for non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome, a condition that is the most common cause of combined deaf-blindness. To gain insight into the molecular pathology underlying USH2A-associated retinal degeneration, we aimed to identify interacting proteins of USH2A isoform B (USH2AisoB) in the retina. Results We identified the centrosomal and microtubule-associated protein sperm-associated antigen (SPAG)5 in the retina. SPAG5 was also found to interact with another previously described USH2AisoB interaction partner: the centrosomal ninein-like protein NINLisoB. Using In situ hybridization, we foun…
Dynamics, alterations, and consequences of minimally invasive intraocular pressure elevation in rats.
2014
PURPOSE: An important, yet not exclusive, aspect of primary open angle glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) profiles within fluctuations and pressure peaks. The study aimed at establishing minimally invasive methods for recurrent IOP elevation in rats to investigate the impact of IOP dynamics and pathomorphologic retinal alterations during and after IOP elevation. METHODS: Intraocular pressure was elevated unilaterally in Long Evans rats to a level of ≈35 mm Hg for 1 hour in a total of 30 manipulations within 6 weeks, by using two methods: (1) suction-cup oculopression and (2) loop-adjusted oculopression. Retinal thickness (RT) was measured via optical coherence tomography (OCT),…
Retinal neurodegenerative changes in the adult insulin receptor substrate-2 deficient mouse.
2014
Abstract Insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) mediates peripheral insulin action and is essential for retinal health. Previous investigations have reported severe photoreceptor degeneration and abnormal visual function in Irs2-deficient mice. However, molecular changes in the Irs2 − / − mouse retina have not been described. In this study, we examined retinal degenerative changes in neuronal and glial cells of adult (9- and 12-week old) Irs2 − / − mice by immunohistochemistry. 9-week old Irs2 − / − mice showed significant thinning of outer retinal layers, concomitant to Muller and microglial cell activation. Photoreceptor cells displayed different signs of degeneration, such as outer/inner…
Minireview: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors on Hippocampal Neurons: Distribution on the Neuronal Surface and Modulation of Receptor Activity
1997
The recent development of a technique that uses infrared microscopy for the visualization of well-defined areas on the surface of neurons, and a computerized system of micromanipulators led to the discovery that functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed at higher density on the dendrites than on the soma of rat hippocampal neurons. The finding that the expression of alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive, alpha 7-bearing, nAChRs and dihydro-beta-erythroidine-sensitive, alpha 4 beta 2 nAChRs tends to increase along the dendritic length suggests that these receptors may be highly involved in the integration of synaptic functions in hippocampal neurons. The present report also …
Fiat lux: the light became therapy. An overview on the Bright Light Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease sleep disorders
2020
Background: A system of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells provides ‘non-visual’ information on the circadian sequences of light to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which, as the ‘master clock’, synchronizes the chronobiological mechanisms of all the biological clocks. Damage to SCN structure alters circadian behavioral and hormonal rhythms and interferes with a regular sleep-wake pattern. Several studies have shown that, in aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), circadian rhythms change their synchronization with the environment and behavior loses sync with light. Objective: The current overview aims to examine research studies showing the effect of bright light therapy (BLT) on sleep…
Stable expression in HEK-293 cells of the rat alpha3/beta4 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
1996
The alpha3/beta4 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells that co-expressed a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel. alpha3/beta4-nAChR-expressing clones were identified using the fura-2 Ca2+ imaging technique, and were further characterised by single-cell and whole-cell patch-clamp studies. Acetylcholine (ACh) induced fast activating currents which showed desensitisation and inward rectification. The conductance of the ACh-activated channel was 29 pS. The order of potency of the nicotinic agonists tested was cytisine approximately = nicotine > acetylcholine. The EC50 value for ACh was 145 microM; the Hill coefficient w…
Symptomatische Verkalkungen beim Neugeborenen
1990
Stippled epiphyses occur in the new-born and young infant in the different hereditary forms of chondrodysplasia punctata. Symptomatic stippling has been described also in association with chromosomal anomalies, gangliosidosis and drug induced embryopathies. We present patients with Cumarin-embryopathy (2), fetal alcohol syndrome (1), Zellweger-syndrome (2) and chromosomal anomaly 16 (1) and discuss the typical roentgenographic features, distribution and differential diagnosis of epiphyseal stippling.
Sympathetic neurons can produce and respond to interleukin 6
1998
Neuronal expression of cytokines is an area of active investigation in the contexts of development, disease, and normal neural function. Although cultured rat sympathetic neurons respond very weakly to exogenous interleukin 6 (IL-6), we find that addition of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and IL-6 enhances neuronal survival in the absence of nerve growth factor. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 block these effects. Addition of IL-6 and sIL-6R also induces a subset of neuropeptide and transmitter synthetic enzyme mRNAs identical to that demonstrated for leukemia inhibitory factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and oncostatin M. Both of these effects are duplicated by addition o…
Tīklenes un dzīslenes biezums pacientiem ar obstruktīvo miega apnojas hipopnojas sindromu
2021
Maģistra darbs izstrādāts latviešu valodā, uz 54 lapaspusēm. Tas satur 22 attēlus, 11 tabulas un 76 atsauces uz literatūras avotiem. Darba mērķis: ir nomērīt un salīdzināt tīklenes nervu šķiedra slāņa (RNFL) biezumu, tīklenes divu slāņu kompleksa (ganglion cell layer pluss inner plexiform layer, GCL+) un dzīslenes biezumu makulā (chorioscleras interface, CSI) veseliem cilvēkiem un pacientiem obstruktīvo miega apnojas hipopnojas sindromu. Literatūras pārskatā tika izanalizēta obstruktīvas miega apnojas hipopnojas sindroma ietekme uz tīklenes un dzīslenes strukturālām izmaiņām un iespējamo patoģenēzi. Pētījuma daļā ar okulāro koherences tomogrāfijas instrumentu tika nomērīts tīklenes un dzīsl…