Search results for "generalizability"
showing 10 items of 40 documents
The author's reply to N.R. Haddaway.
2017
Abstract In this reply we respond to the commentary of Dr. Haddaway addressed in searching for pitfalls in our systematic mapping exercise “Collating science-based evidence to inform public opinion on the environmental effects of marine drilling platforms in the Mediterranean Sea” recently published in Journal of Environmental Management (Mangano, M.C. and Sara, G. 2017. Journal of Environmental Management 188: 195–202). We discussed each so called “pitfalls” and, in our opinion, the main cornerstones of systematic map – SM (repeatability, comprehensiveness, transparency, traceability, quality, generalizability) are safe guaranteeing the “gold standard” required by this technique. Where nee…
Administrative Coding in Electronic Health Care Record‐Based Research of NAFLD: An Expert Panel Consensus Statement
2021
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Electronic health record (EHR)-based research allows the capture of large amounts of data, which is necessary in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where the risk of clinical liver outcomes is generally low. The lack of consensus on which International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes should be used as exposures and outcomes limits comparability and generalizability of results across studies. We aimed to establish consensus among a panel of experts on ICD codes that could become the reference standard and provide guidance around common methodological issues.APPROACH AND RESULTS: Researchers with an interest in EHR-based NAFLD research were invited to collect…
Implicitly measured aggressiveness self-concepts in women with borderline personality disorder as assessed by an Implicit Association Test.
2020
Abstract Background Aggressiveness resulting from inappropriately intense anger plays a major role in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and research using self-report measures has consistently found elevated levels of aggression in this condition. However, while self-report assesses explicit dimensions of the self-concept, it cannot elucidate implicit processes that are at least equally important as they guide the perceptions of the self and influence behavioral responses. The present study aimed to extend the research on aggressiveness self-concepts in BPD utilizing an indirect latency-based measure. Methods Twenty-nine female inpatients with BPD and 21 healthy women were assessed with…
Development and external validation of a clinical prediction model for functional impairment after intracranial tumor surgery
2021
OBJECTIVE Decision-making for intracranial tumor surgery requires balancing the oncological benefit against the risk for resection-related impairment. Risk estimates are commonly based on subjective experience and generalized numbers from the literature, but even experienced surgeons overestimate functional outcome after surgery. Today, there is no reliable and objective way to preoperatively predict an individual patient’s risk of experiencing any functional impairment. METHODS The authors developed a prediction model for functional impairment at 3 to 6 months after microsurgical resection, defined as a decrease in Karnofsky Performance Status of ≥ 10 points. Two prospective registries in…
Standardized rater training for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) in psychiatric novices.
2003
Abstract Background: Despite the long and widespread use of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), standardized reliability studies in inexperienced raters are not available. Methods: Rater training was carried using three videotaped interviews with depressed patients in 21 psychiatric novices who had negligible previous experience with the HAMD. Chance-corrected coefficients of rating agreement with expert standards (weighted κ , ICC) were computed for single items and the total score of the HAMD. Results: The results demonstrate sufficiently high interrater reliability ( κ >0.60) for most of the HAMD items and the total score (ICC=0.57–0.73). Three standardized HAMD training session…
Do Intensity Ratings and Skin Conductance Responses Reliably Discriminate Between Different Stimulus Intensities in Experimentally Induced Pain?
2010
Abstract The present study addresses the question whether pain-intensity ratings and skin conductance responses (SCRs) are able to detect different intensities of phasic painful stimuli and to determine the reliability of this discrimination. For this purpose, 42 healthy participants of both genders were assigned to either electrical, mechanical, or laser heat-pain stimulation (each n = 14). A whole range of single brief painful stimuli were delivered on the right volar forearm of the dominant hand in a randomized order. Pain-intensity ratings and SCRs were analyzed. Using generalizability theory, individual and gender differences were the main contributors to the variability of both intens…
Development and validation of the neighborhood environment walkability scale for youth across six continents
2019
Abstract Background The IPEN International Physical Activity and Environment Network Adolescent project was conducted using common study protocols to document the strength, shape, and generalizability of associations of perceived neighborhood environment attributes with adolescents’ physical activity and overweight/obesity using data from 15 countries. Countries did not use identical versions of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y) to measure perceived neighborhood environment attributes. Therefore, this study derived a measurement model for NEWS-Y items common to all IPEN Adolescent countries and developed a scoring protocol for the IPEN Adolescent version of t…
The Importance of Positive Psychological Strengths in Well-Being and Adjustment of Romanian Emerging Adults: A Pattern and Variable-Oriented Approach
2021
Transition to adulthood in countries that have seen recent historical structural changes in society as well as changes in what it means to be an adult represents important contexts for investigations of ways in which positive development and transition to adulthood are experienced. Situated in such context, this cross-sectional study aimed to (1) describe profiles of positive psychological strengths, as measured by the Five Cs of positive youth development (PYD) and (2) document how identified profiles might differ in relation to other aspects of positive and problematic development. Participants were 272 Romanian emerging adults attending university (76% female; aged 19–29 years old, Mage …
V: p-Werte: Was sie besagen und was nicht …
2002
Both an extensive data description and an explicit assessment of a study result's statistical significance should be presented in the result section of a clinical trial report. Whereas the description illustrates the order and clinical relevance of the study findings, the statistical significance describes its generalizability to patients not included in the clinical trial: Despite the random recruitment of patients into a trial, the study results may fail to represent clinical reality (for example the trial might show falsely positive efficacy findings, whereas in "clinical reality" efficacy appears rather limited). A p value measures the statistical significance of a study result -- the s…
Palliative Care Professionals' Inner Lives: Cross-Cultural Application of the Awareness Model of Self-Care
2021
Compassionate professional qualities traditionally have not received the most attention in either critical or end of life care. Constant exposure to death, time pressure and workload, inadequate coping with personal emotions, grieving, and depression urge the development of an inner curricula of competences to promote professional quality of life and compassionate care. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the universality of these problems and the need to equip ourselves with rigorously validated measurement and monitoring approaches that allow for unbiased comparisons. The main objective of this study was to offer evidence on the generalizability of the awareness model of self-care across thr…