Search results for "glia"
showing 10 items of 1274 documents
La committenza dei Ventimiglia a Cefalù: città e architettura. 1247 - 1398
2009
Lo studio riguarda la committenza dei Ventimiglia, un’importante famiglia aristocratica di origine ligure, protagonista di larga parte della storia siciliana medievale, con la finalità di approfondire il legame tra il casato e la città di Cefalù, posta sulla costa tirrenica della Sicilia. Il centro, di antica origine, deve la sua prosperità e notorietà alla fondazione nel 1131 della cattedrale a opera del primo re di Sicilia, il normanno Ruggero II, e alla conseguente istituzione di una nuova sede vescovile, in posizione baricentrica tra le grandi diocesi di Palermo e Messina, nello spartiacque tra la parte occidentale e orientale dell’isola. I Ventimiglia, tra i più antichi casati nobiliar…
Accumbens-caudate-septal circuit as a system for hippocampal regulation: involvement of a GABAergic neurotransmission.
1992
Hippocampal-based epileptiform activity may reach the basal ganglia via the nucleus accumbens. Previous data suggested that caudate nucleus is able to influence hippocampal epilepsy, probably sending a projection to the septum. In order to test the hypothesis of a retrograde activation of accumbens-caudate pathway in hippocampal regulation, we electrically stimulated both caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens and studied modifications of hippocampal EEG in the feline focal epilepsy model. We also performed bilateral electrolytic lesion of nucleus accumbens and repeated caudate stimulation. Results showed that nucleus accumbens stimulation was ineffective in modifying hippocampal epilepsy; o…
Valutazione dell’instabilità laterale di caviglia con RM dedicata in ortostatismo. Esperienza preliminare.
2010
SCOPO: Dimostrare l'utilità dell'esame in ortostatismo della caviglia con una RM dedicata nella valutazione di pazienti con evidenza clinica di instabilità laterale di caviglia. DISEGNO DELLO STUDIO: Retrospettivo. MATERIALI E METODI: Abbiamo valutato gli esami RM di caviglia di 29 pazienti, effettuati tra settembre 2008 e giugno 2009 con macchina RM dedicata da 0,25 Tesla (G-Scan, Esaote Spa, Genova, Italia). Sono state eseguite, con bobina ricevente dedicata per la caviglia, sequenze SE-T1 pesate, TSE-T2 pesate, 3D-Steady-State (SSE), e STIR, sia in posizione supina che ortostatica. Tre radiologi con esperienza in radiologia muscolo-scheletrica hanno valutato, in consenso, segni RM di ins…
Classificazione ed imaging delle sindromi conflittuali della caviglia
2010
Obiettivi didattici: Rivedere la classificazione ed illustrare i vari aspetti delle sindromi conflittuali alla radiografia convenzionale (RC), alla tomografia computerizzata multistrato (TCms), all'ecografia (US), alla risonanza magnetica (RM) ed all'artro-RM. Introduzione: Le sindromi conflittuali della caviglia dipendono da molte cause che possono essere distinte dal tipo di tessuto che determina il conflitto (osseo, fibroso, sinoviale).In generale, la classificazione delle sindromi conflittuali della caviglia prende in considerazione la sede anatomica relativa all'articolazione tibio-tarsica, e pertanto esse possono essere classificate in anteriore, antero-mediale, antero-laterale, poste…
Alessio Figalli
2018
Articolo Celebrativo Celebratory Article
Oligodendroglial p130Cas Is a Target of Fyn Kinase Involved in Process Formation, Cell Migration and Survival
2014
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system. In the course of brain development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells migrate, scan the environment and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes with multiple cellular processes which recognize and ensheath neuronal axons. During differentiation, oligodendrocytes undergo dramatic morphological changes requiring cytoskeletal rearrangements which need to be tightly regulated. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Fyn plays a central role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. In order to improve our understanding of the role of oligodendroglial Fyn kinase, we have identified Fyn targets in these cells. Pur…
Multiple sclerosis patient-derived CSF induces transcriptional changes in proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitors.
2014
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in contact with brain parenchyma and ventricles, and its composition might influence the cellular physiology of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) thereby contributing to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease pathogenesis. Objective: To identify the transcriptional changes that distinguish the transcriptional response induced in proliferating rat OPCs upon exposure to CSF from primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and other neurological controls. Methods: We performed gene microarray analysis of OPCs exposed to CSF from neurological controls, or definitive RRMS or PPMS disease course. R…
High-resolution mouse subventricular zone stem-cell niche transcriptome reveals features of lineage, anatomy, and aging
2020
Adult neural stem cells (NSC) serve as a reservoir for brain plasticity and origin for certain gliomas. Lineage tracing and genomic approaches have portrayed complex underlying heterogeneity within the major anatomical location for NSC, the subventricular zone (SVZ). To gain a comprehensive profile of NSC heterogeneity, we utilized a well-validated stem/progenitor-specific reporter transgene in concert with single-cell RNA sequencing to achieve unbiased analysis of SVZ cells from infancy to advanced age. The magnitude and high specificity of the resulting transcriptional datasets allow precise identification of the varied cell types embedded in the SVZ including specialized parenchymal cell…
Multifaceted effects of oligodendroglial exosomes on neurons: impact on neuronal firing rate, signal transduction and gene regulation.
2014
Exosomes are small membranous vesicles of endocytic origin that are released by almost every cell type. They exert versatile functions in intercellular communication important for many physiological and pathological processes. Recently, exosomes attracted interest with regard to their role in cell–cell communication in the nervous system. We have shown that exosomes released from oligodendrocytes upon stimulation with the neurotransmitter glutamate are internalized by neurons and enhance the neuronal stress tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that oligodendroglial exosomes also promote neuronal survival during oxygen–glucose deprivation, a model of cerebral ischaemia. We show the transfer from…
Predetermined embryonic glial cells form the distinct glial sheaths of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system
2013
International audience; One of the numerous functions of glial cells in Drosophila is the ensheathment of neurons to isolate them from the potassium-rich haemolymph, thereby establishing the blood-brain barrier. Peripheral nerves of flies are surrounded by three distinct glial cell types. Although all embryonic peripheral glia (ePG) have been identified on a single-cell level, their contribution to the three glial sheaths is not known. We used the Flybow system to label and identify each individual ePG in the living embryo and followed them into third instar larva. We demonstrate that all ePG persist until the end of larval development and some even to adulthood. We uncover the origin of al…