Search results for "glial fibrillary acidic protein"
showing 10 items of 81 documents
Steady-state levels of retinal 24S-hydroxycholesterol are maintained by glial cells intervention after elevation of intraocular pressure in the rat
2012
Purpose: Our previous studies suggested that CYP46A1 and 24S-hydroxycholesterol. (24SOH) may be associated with glaucoma. Loss of CYP46A1-expressing retinal. ganglion cells is involved in the activation of glia, and therefore possibly in the. disbalance of cholesterol. In this context, the purpose of our present work was to. emphasize the glial and longitudinal CYP46A1 expression after an interventional. glaucoma-related stress triggered by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were submitted to laser photocoagulation of the. trabecular meshwork, limbus and episcleral veins in one eye to induce elevated IOP. Rats were euthanized at days 3, 14, 30 and 60 (n = 10 p…
Bi- and uniciliated ependymal cells define continuous floor-plate-derived tanycytic territories
2017
Multiciliated ependymal (E1) cells line the brain ventricles and are essential for brain homeostasis. We previously identified in the lateral ventricles a rare ependymal subpopulation (E2) with only two cilia and unique basal bodies. Here we show that E2 cells form a distinct biciliated epithelium extending along the ventral third into the fourth ventricle. In the third ventricle floor, apical profiles with only primary cilia define an additional uniciliated (E3) epithelium. E2 and E3 cells' ultrastructure, marker expression and basal processes indicate that they correspond to subtypes of tanycytes. Using sonic hedgehog lineage tracing, we show that the third and fourth ventricle E2 and E3 …
Neuroprotective properties of mildronate, a mitochondria-targeted small molecule.
2010
Mildronate, a representative of the aza-butyrobetaine class of drugs with proven cardioprotective efficacy, was recently found to prevent dysfunction of complex I in rat liver mitochondria. The present study demonstrates that mildronate also acts as a neuroprotective agent. In a mouse model of azidothymidine (anti-HIV drug) neurotoxicity, mildronate reduced the azidothymidine-induced alterations in mouse brain tissue: it normalized the increase in caspase-3, cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) and iNOS expression assessed by quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis. Mildronate also normalized the changes in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) expression, reduced the expression of glia…
''Effect of stroke on arginase expression and localization in the rat brain''
2013
Quirie, Aurore | Demougeot, C. Eline | Bertrand, Nathalie | Mossiat, Claude | Garnier, Philippe | Marie, Christine | Prigent-Tessier, Anne; International audience; ''Because arginase and nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOS) compete to degrade l-arginine, arginase plays a crucial role in the modulation of NO production. Moreover, the arginase 1 isoform is a marker of M2 phenotype macrophages that play a key role in tissue remodeling and resolution of inflammation. While NO has been extensively investigated in ischemic stroke, the effect of stroke on the arginase pathway is unknown. The present study focuses on arginase expression/activity and localization before and after (1, 8, 15 and 30days) …
Neuroprotective Properties of Mildronate, a Small Molecule, in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
2010
Previously, we have found that mildronate [3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate dihydrate], a small molecule with charged nitrogen and oxygen atoms, protects mitochondrial metabolism that is altered by inhibitors of complex I and has neuroprotective effects in an azidothymidine-neurotoxicity mouse model. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mildronate in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that was generated via a unilateral intrastriatal injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6‑OHDA). We assessed the expression of cell biomarkers that are involved in signaling cascades and provide neural and glial integration: the neuronal marker TH (tyrosine hydroxylase); …
BLBP-expression in astrocytes during experimental demyelination and in human multiple sclerosis lesions
2011
Several lines of evidence indicate that remyelination represents one of the most effective mechanisms to achieve axonal protection. For reasons that are not yet understood, this process is often incomplete or fails in multiple sclerosis (MS). Activated astrocytes appear to be able to boost or inhibit endogenous repair processes. A better understanding of remyelination in MS and possible reasons for its failure is needed. Using the well-established toxic demyelination cuprizone model, we created lesions with either robust or impaired endogenous remyelination capacity. Lesions were analyzed for mRNA expression levels by Affymetrix GeneChip® arrays. One finding was the predominance of immune a…
Upregulation of antibody response to heat shock proteins and tissue antigens in an ocular ischemia model.
2011
PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to characterize the serum antibody reactivities occurring after ocular ischemia reperfusion. The time course of serum antibody responses was examined. METHODS. Wistar rats were exposed to transient ocular ischemia by elevating intraocular pressure to 130 mm Hg for 60 minutes. Axonal damage was evaluated on optic-nerve sections 2 and 4 weeks later. Blood samples collected before and several times after ischemia were used for antibody detection via customized protein microarrays. Different tissue antigens, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) and crystallins, were selected based on previous identification of antibody reactivities in studies on ischemic event…
Pleomorphic pineocytoma with extensive neuronal differentiation: report of two cases
1994
Two pineal parenchymal tumors are presented, arising in a 54-year-old man and a 72-year-old woman; respectively. They showed isomorphic, cellular areas of small cells, often with characteristic pineocytomatous rosettes, and of medium-sized cells, as well as less cellular regions with highly pleomorphic, often ganglioid large cells. Immunohistochemistry disclosed extensive neuronal differentiation. There was intense positivity for neurofilament protein and microtubule-associated protein 2 in the pleomorphic areas and more variable expression in the isomorphic regions. Diffuse synaptophysin positivity was seen, accentuated along the borders of pleomorphic cells and in the rosettes, as well as…
Esthesioneuroblastoma: Ultrastructural, immunohistological and biochemical investigation of one case
1984
A case of esthesioneuroblastoma, the pathological diagnosis of which almost always causes great difficulties, was investigated ultrastructurally, biochemically, and immunohistologically, using antibodies against the five known types of intermediate filaments [keratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilaments]. The tumour cells did not react with antibodies against any of the five intermediate filament proteins. Ultrastructural investigations showed dense cored secretory granules in the cytoplasm and cell processes. Thus, immunohistology offers by "exclusion" a differential diagnosis to avoid often misdiagnosed tumours (undifferentiated carcinomas, embryona…
Fate of autologous dermal stem cells transplanted into the spinal cord after traumatic injury (TSCI)
2003
Rat dermis is a source of cells capable of growing in vitro and, in appropriate conditions, forming floating spheres constituted by nestin-positive cells. We have clonally grown these spheres up to the 15th generation. These spheres can be dissociated into cells that differentiate in vitro under appropriate conditions, these cells are labeled by antibodies to immature neuron markers such as nestin and beta-tubulin III and, later, to mature neuron markers such as microtubule-associated protein 2 and neurofilaments. However, most cells are positive to the astroglial marker glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). When sphere-derived cells are transplanted into the spinal cord after traumatic in…