Search results for "glycoside"
showing 10 items of 296 documents
Gentamicin alters nitric oxide production in semicircular canals and otolith organs.
2010
Objectives/Hypothesis: Intratympanic application of gentamicin is an important therapeutic option to control vertigo spells in Meniere's disease. Low doses eliminate the function of semicircular canal ampullae (SCCA) and saccule in most patients, although utricular function is maintained in many cases. Local alteration in free radical production might be responsible for these differences. Therefore, the gentamicin-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in an animal model using separate organ cultures of SCCA, saccule, and utricle. Study Design: Prospective pilot study in male guinea pigs. Methods: SCCA, saccule, and utricle of 28 guinea pigs were isolated and incubated separate…
Formation of mono- and diglucuronides and other glycosides of benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinol by V79 cell-expressed human phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferas…
1995
Glucuronidation of quinols of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represents an important detoxication pathway preventing toxic quinone/quinol redox cycles. Therefore, mono- and diglucuronide formation of benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinol was investigated and compared to that of structurally related 3,6-dihydroxychrysene and simple phenols (1-naphthol and 4-methylumbelliferone) using V79 cell-expressed human UGT1.6 (= P1) and human UGT1.7 (= P4). Properties of human UGT1.6 were compared to those of the rat ortholog. Cofactors related to UDP-glucuronic acid such as UDP-galacturonic acid and UDP-glucose were also studied. It was found that rat and human UGT1.6 and human UGT1.7 catalyse monoglucur…
Gentamicin increases nitric oxide production and induces hearing loss in guinea pigs.
2008
Objectives/Hypothesis: Gentamicin application is an important therapeutic option for Meniere's disease. However, even if given at intervals, a destruction of the cochlea was often observed in various animal models together with an increased content of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. The present study was undertaken to identify the correlation between hearing threshold alteration and the NO production in the lateral wall and organ of Corti of the guinea pig in response to gentamicin application. Study Design: Prospective animal study in guinea pigs. Methods: A single dose of gentamicin (10 mg/kg body weight) was injected intratympanally into male guinea pigs and the auditory b…
Long-Term Results after Interval Therapy with Intratympanic Gentamicin for Meni??re???s Disease
2004
Objectives The new single-shot and interval treatment for Meniere's disease with gentamicin was designed to avoid cochlear damage during treatment with gentamicin. Methods To date, 90 patients were treated with the single-shot or interval gentamicin therapy. Fifty-seven cases of Meniere's disease were followed up prospectively between 2 and 4 years. During one treatment series, a maximum of three intratympanic gentamicin injections within 15 days were applied, each consisting of 0.3 mL (12 mg) of gentamicin (days 1, 8, and 15). Thirty of these 57 patients (53%) needed only one injection to be controlled (single-shot treatment). Results Vertigo attacks were completely controlled in 95% and p…
Post-remission treatment with allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients aged 60 years and older with acute myeloid leukaemia: a time-dependent…
2015
Summary Background Acute myeloid leukaemia mainly affects elderly people, with a median age at diagnosis of around 70 years. Although about 50–60% of patients enter first complete remission upon intensive induction chemotherapy, relapse remains high and overall outcomes are disappointing. Therefore, effective post-remission therapy is urgently needed. Although often no post-remission therapy is given to elderly patients, it might include chemotherapy or allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following reduced-intensity conditioning. We aimed to assess the comparative value of allogeneic HSCT with other approaches, including no post-remission therapy, in patients with acute…
The roles of foraging environment, host species, and host diet for a generalist pupal parasitoid
2018
Even for parasitoids with a wide host range, not all host species are equally suitable, and host qualityoften depends on the plant the host feeds on. We compared oviposition choice and offspring perfor-mance of a generalist pupal parasitoid,Pteromalus apum(Retzius) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), ontwo congeneric hosts reared on two plant species under field and laboratory conditions. The plantscontain defensive iridoid glycosides that are sequestered by the hosts. Sequestration at the pupal stagediffered little between host species and, although the concentrations of iridoid glycosides in the twoplant species differ, there was no effect of diet on the sequestration by host pupae. The rate of …
Candida albicans UBI3 and UBI4 promoter regions confer differential regulation of invertase production to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in response …
2002
Candida albicans ubiquitin genes UBI3 and UBI4 encode a ubiquitin-hybrid protein involved in ribosome biogenesis and polyubiquitin, respectively. In this work we show that UBI3 and UBI4 promoter regions confer differentialexpr ession consistent with the function of their encoded gene products. Hybrid genes were constructed containing the SUC2 coding region under the controlof UBI3 or UBI4 promoters in the yeast vector pLC7. Invertase production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants was differentially regulated: the UBI4 promoter was induced by stress conditions (thermalupshift and/or starvation) whereas the UBI3 promoter conferred constitutive invertase production in growing yeast cells…
In vivo efficacy of humanised intermittent versus continuous ceftazidime in combination with tobramycin in an experimental model of pseudomonal pneum…
2008
In this study, we compared the efficacy of ceftazidime (CAZ) intermittent versus continuous infusion with or without tobramycin (TOB) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits. Treatments were humanised and mimicked intermittent CAZ (iCAZ) (2g three times daily), continuous CAZ (cCAZ) (4g once daily (qd)) and TOB (10mg/kg qd). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 1mg/L and 4mg/L for TOB and CAZ, respectively. Bacterial efficacy in lungs was as follows: control, 9+/-0.6 colony-forming units (CFU)/g; TOB monotherapy, 8+/-0.5CFU/g; iCAZ monotherapy, 7.8+/-1.4CFU/g; cCAZ monotherapy, 8+/-0.4CFU/g (P = 0.005); and iCAZ+TOB, 8+/-0.5CFU/g; cCAZ+TOB, 7.2+/-…
Pursaethosides A-E, triterpene saponins from Entada pursaetha.
2005
Five new triterpenoid saponins, pursaethosides A-E (1-5), were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the seed kernels of Entada pursaetha along with the known phaseoloidin. The structures of 1-5 were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic data interpretation and chemical degradation. Pursaethosides C-E (3-5) possess as a common structural feature entagenic acid as aglycon, which is rare among triterpene saponins. Compounds 2-4 and phaesolidin were found to be not cytotoxic when tested against HCT 116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells.
Hederagenin glycosides from the fruits of Blighia unijugata
2019
Abstract A phytochemical investigation of Blighia unijugata led to the isolation of eleven hederagenin glycosides. Among these compounds, six are previously undescribed, two are described in their native forms for the first time and three are known whereas firstly isolated from Blighia unijugata. The structure of the undescribed compounds was elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR and mass spectrometry analyses as 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin, 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-3-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyr…