Search results for "grain"

Cospleeping in childhood migraine

2011

Mycotoxins in cereals and pulses harvested in Latvia by nanoLC-Orbitrap MS

2021

Twenty-seven mycotoxins in unprocessed cereals (n = 110) and pulses (n = 23) harvested in Latvia were analysed by nanoflow liquid chromatography combined with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. One or more mycotoxins were found in 99% of the cereals and 78% of the pulses. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 and HT-2 toxins were prevalent in 9 to 86% of the cereals, mostly below their maximum levels as set by the European regulations. Non-regulated type A and B trichothecenes were prevalent in 5 to 87% of the cereals, at concentrations of 0.27–83 µg kg−1 and 1.7–4,781 µg kg−1, respectively. Quantification of emerging mycotoxins was also provided. Enniatins were detected in 94% of th…

Critical study of and improvements in chromatographic methods for the analysis of type B trichothecenes

2001

Various analytical methods used in the analysis of type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) in cereals were compared and optimised in this work. These methods use either GC-electron-capture detection (ECD) of trimethylsilyl, trifluoroacetyl and heptafluorobutyryl derivatives or HPLC with UV or photodiode array detection of analytes. A new HPLC procedure using fluorescence detection prior derivatisation with coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride has been also tested. Five extraction solvents and two solid-phase extraction cartridges (silica, Florisil) plus a especial clean-up column (MycoSep 225) were compared in order to obtain the best recovery of the mycoto…

Cadmium and lead in infant cereals — electrothermal-atomic absorption spectroscopic determination

1999

Because infant cereals are an important component of the infant diet from the fourth month of life onwards and therefore contribute to the dietetic intake of metals by infants, cadmium and lead were measured in samples of cereals commercially available in Spain. For this purpose an electrothermal atomic absorption (ET-AAS) method for determining cadmium and lead in these products was studied. The ET-AAS instrumental conditions and temperature/time furnace program were selected. The analytical parameters of the method (linearity, detection and quantification limits and precision) show its usefulness in measuring cadmium and lead in infant cereal products. The method was applied to eight diff…

Current and Potential Use of Citrus Essential Oils

2013

Since the Middle Ages, citrus essential oils (EOs) have been widely used for their bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antipara- sitical, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic proprieties. Also nowadays, they find important applications in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries. The best method to extract EOs from citrus plant tissue is steam distillation because of a vari- ety of extracted volatile molecules such as terpenes and terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components and aliphatic components. In vitro physicochemical assays classify most of them as antioxidants.

P-T path development derived from shearband boudin microstructure

2016

This work focuses on the development of a regional P-T-path from the Malpica-Lamego Ductile Shear Zone, NW Portugal, based on the microstructures of shearband boudins evolved during progressive simple shear. The combination of microstructural analysis, fluid inclusion studies, crystallographic pre- ffered orientation and fractal geometry analyses, allows to link several stages in the internal evolution of the boudin to regional P-T conditions. The boudinage process is initiated under differential stress after the original layer achieved sufficient viscosity contrast relative to the surrounding matrix. Two main transformations occur simultaneously: i) change in the external shape with contin…

Use of Ultrasound in Reconditioning by Welding of Tools Used in the Process of Regenerating Rubber

2018

Addressing the problem of reconditioning large parts is of particular importance, due to their value and to the fact that the technologies for their reconditioning are very complex. The tools used to refine regenerated rubber which measure 660 mm in diameter and 2130 mm in length suffer from a rather fast dimensional wear. Within this research, the authors looked for a welding reconditioning procedure that would allow a very good adhesion between the deposited material layer and the base material. In this regard, the MAG (Metal Active Gas) welding process was used, but the ultrasonic activation of the welding process was also considered. Thus, the wire used for welding was activated conside…

Almotriptan: meeting today’s needs in acute migraine treatment

2007

Migraine is a common disorder associated with considerable individual and economic burden. Triptans are recommended for the treatment of migraine of any severity in patients who have failed to gain adequate relief with nonspecific medication; early transition to triptans avoids prolonged morbidity in patients failing to respond to nonspecific medications. There is evidence that early intervention therapy with oral formulations in migraine, soon after the onset of an attack and when pain is still mild, improves efficacy. Seven different triptans are currently marketed, with differing pharmacologic, efficacy and tolerability profiles. Almotriptan has many positive features, which include rigo…

Numerical modelling of fatigue crack initiation of martensitic steel

2010

Numerical simulation of micro-crack initiation that is based on Tanaka-Mura micro-crack nucleation model is presented. Three improvements were added to this model. Firstly, multiple slip bands where micro-cracks may occur are used in each grain. Second improvement deals with micro-crack coalescence by extending existing micro-cracks along grain boundaries and connecting them into a macro-crack. The third improvement handles segmented micro-crack generation, where a micro-crack is not nucleated in one step like in Tanaka-Mura model, but is instead generated in multiple steps. Numerical simulation of crack-initiation was performed with ABAQUS, using a plug-in that was written specially for ha…

Numerical modelling of fatigue crack initiation and growth of martensitic steels

2010

This paper presents a numerical simulation of micro-crack initiation that is based on Tanaka-Mura micro-crack nucleation model. Three improvements were added to this model. First, multiple slip bands where micro-cracks may occur are used in each grain. Second improvement deals with micro-crack coalescence by extending existing micro-cracks along grain boundaries and connecting them into a macro-crack. The third improvement handles segmented micro-crack generation, where a micro-crack is not nucleated in one step like in Tanaka-Mura model, but is instead generated in multiple steps. High cycle fatigue testing was also performed and showed reasonably good correlation of proposed model to expe…