Search results for "granulocyte"
showing 10 items of 244 documents
GM-CSF Programs Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells During Candida albicans Vaccination for Protection Against Reinfection
2021
More mechanistic studies are needed to reveal the hidden details of in vivo-induced trained immunity. Here, using a Candida albicans live vaccine mouse model we show that vaccination protects mice against a secondary infection and increases the number of bone marrow, and especially, splenic trained monocytes. Moreover, vaccination expands and reprograms hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) early during infection and mobilize them transiently to the spleen to produce trained macrophages. Trained HSPCs are not only primed for myeloid cell production but also reprogramed to produce a greater amount of proinflammatory cytokines in response to a second challenge. Additionally, their a…
The Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Airway Inflammation of Childhood Asthma
2013
TGF-beta-targeting structural and inflammatory cells has been implicated in the mechanisms leading to the inflammatory and restructuring processes in asthma, suggesting an impact of TGF-beta1 signaling on the development and persistency of this disease. We investigated the potential early involvement of TGF-beta1 activity in the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying progression of inflammation in childhood asthma. We evaluated the levels of TGF-beta1 in induced sputum supernatants (ISSs) and the expression of small mother cell against decapentaplegic (Smad) 2 and Smad7 proteins in induced sputum cells (ISCs) from children with intermittent asthma (IA), moderate asthma (MA) and c…
Local increase of arginase activity in lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.
2012
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is in Ethiopia mainly caused by the parasite Leishmania aethiopica. This neglected tropical disease is common in rural areas and causes serious morbidity. Persistent nonhealing cutaneous leishmaniasis has been associated with poor T cell mediated responses; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We have recently shown in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis that arginase-induced L-arginine metabolism suppresses antigen-specific T cell responses at the site of pathology, but not in the periphery. To test whether these results translate to human disease, we recruit…
Biochemical, morphological and immunological findings in a patient with a cutis laxa-associated inborn disorder (De Barsy syndrome).
1986
Clinical symptoms of a male infant are described and compared with cases now classified as the De Barsy syndrome, a distinct disorder related to cutis laxa. Morphologically, clastic fibres in skin were frayed and reduced in number and density. The collagen fibril network was normal. Biochemical studies on collagen metabolism in a skin specimen and in cultured skin fibroblasts showed a normal amino acid content and a normal electrophoretic pattern of collagen constituents. The chemotactic migration of cultured fibroblasts was diminished when compared with fibroblasts from donors of different age groups. Immunological investigations revealed an impaired granulocyte function.
Frequent reduction or absence of detection of the JAK2-mutated clone in JAK2V617F-positive patients within the first years of hydroxyurea therapy
2008
Abstract Objective: To analyse the effect of hydroxyurea (HU) on the JAK2-V617F allelic ratio (%JAK2-V617F) of patients with Polycythaemia Vera (PV) and Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET). Methods: Thirty-six patients were examined sequentially prior to and after on-set of (HU) therapy (8 PV, 17 ET), or while remaining untreated (2 PV, 9 ET). For all patients, the %JAK2-V617F was determined in purified blood granulocytes using sensitive allele-specific, quantitative PCRs. In a second study, two distinct groups of patients were examined at a single time point at the time of diagnosis (99 PV, 178 ET) or while receiving HU (36 PV, 98 ET). Results: HU therapy (median duration: 15 months) reduced t…
Association of increased CCL5 and CXCL7 chemokine expression with neutrophil activation in severe stable COPD
2009
BACKGROUND: Increased numbers of activated neutrophils have been reported in the bronchial mucosa of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in severe disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of neutrophilic chemokines and adhesion molecules in bronchial biopsies from patients with stable COPD of different severity (GOLD stages I-IV) compared with age-matched control subjects, smokers with normal lung function and never smokers. METHODS: The expression of CCL5, CXCL1, 5, 6, 7 and 8, CXCR1, CXCR2, CD11b and CD44 was measured in the bronchial mucosa using immunohistochemistry, confocal immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chai…
Airway inflammation in patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
2004
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been shown to be associated to upper airway inflammation. The object of the present study was to establish the presence of bronchial inflammation in OSAS subjects. In 16 subjects affected by OSAS, and in 14 healthy volunteers, airway inflammation was detected by the cellular analysis of the induced sputum. OSAS patients, as compared to control subjects, showed a higher percentage of neutrophils (66.7+/-18.9 vs. 25.8+/-15.6) (P<0.001) and a lower percentage of macrophages (29.4+/-18.4 vs. 70.8+/-15.3) (P<0.001). The percentage of eosinophils and lymphocytes were not significantly different in the two groups. OSAS subjects show bronchial inflammatio…
Bone marrow failure by cytomegalovirus is associated with an in vivo deficiency in the expression of essential stromal hemopoietin genes.
1997
Bone marrow (BM) failure associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a feared complication after clinical BM transplantation. Experiments in long-term BM cultures have indicated that BM stromal cells (BMSC) are targets of productive CMV infection, but an in situ infection of BM stroma remained to be documented, and the pathomechanism is open to question. Here we describe a murine in vivo model of lethal CMV aplastic anemia (CMV-AA). The reconstitution of hematopoietic progenitor cells expressing stem cell factor (SCF) receptor was found to be defective in CMV-AA. While murine CMV replication in permissive parenchymal tissues is cytolytic, the hematopoietic cord was found to be a site…
White blood cell counts as risk markers of developing metabolic syndrome and its components in the Predimed study.
2013
Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; TRIAL REGISTRATION Controlled-Trials.comISRCTN35739639. BACKGROUND The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes hyperglucemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and central obesity, conferring an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The white blood cell (WBC) count has been proposed as a marker for predicting cardiovascular risk. However, few prospective studies have evaluated the relationship between WBC subtypes and risk of MetS. METHODS Participants were recruited from seven PREDIMED study centers. Both a baseline cross-sectional (n = 4,377) and a prospe…
Arginase activity in the blood of patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection.
2013
Background Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease associated with high mortality. The most important foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia are in the Northwest and are predominantly associated with high rates of HIV co-infection. Co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis patients with HIV results in higher mortality, treatment failure and relapse. We have previously shown that arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression, was increased in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and in HIV seropositive patients; further our results showed that high arginase activity is a marker of disease severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased arginase activities associated wi…