Search results for "grape"
showing 10 items of 291 documents
Classification of varieties for their timing of flowering and veraison using a modelling approach: A case study for the grapevine species Vitis vinif…
2013
16 pages; International audience; tUnderstanding differences in phenology for varieties of a given species is important for making informeddecisions on variety choice in the context of climate change and breeding new cultivars. Phenologicalmodels that incorporate temperature as a key environmental factor can be used to describe the differencesin phenological timing between cultivars. This paper outlines a methodology, based on a phenologicalmodel, for classifying the timing of flowering and veraison for a substantial number of varieties of thegrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). 95 varieties were characterized for flowering and 104 varieties for veraison.Various statistical measures were used to …
First report of grapevine fleck virus in vineyards of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2020
Grapevine is one of the most important fruit crops in Bosnia and Herzegovina with an annual production of around 40 thousand tons in 2018 (FAOSTAT, http://www.fao.org/ faostat/en/#data/QC). Production of grapevine in the country is mainly concentrated in vineyards in the Lištica and Mostar regions of Herzegovina with the two predominant autochthonous cultivars ‘Žilavka’ and ‘Blatina’. Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) from the genus Maculavirus in the family Tymoviridae is a phloem limited virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome (Dreher et al. 2012). GFkV is associated with fleck disease of Vitis spp. In order to investigate the current status of GFkV in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 80…
Antifungal peptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AG1 active against grapevine fungal pathogens
2012
Abstract Antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AG1, previously isolated from wood of grapevine with “esca syndrome”, were studied. The crude protein extract (CPE) obtained from culture supernatant fluid by precipitation with ammonium sulfate was assayed against many grapevine fungal pathogens. B. amyloliquefaciens strain AG1 showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, inhibiting mycelial growth in vitro of all tested fungal microorganisms. The metabolites contained in CPE were heat stable and remained active over a wide pH range (2–10). Their activity was not affected by proteolytic or glycolytic enzymes. Tricine- SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a…
Sequence analyses of S10-spcoperon among 16SrV group phytoplasmas: phylogenetic relationships and identification of discriminating single nucleotide …
2012
Phytoplasmas are cell-wall less, uncultivable bacteria, belonging to the class Mollicutes. They parasitise both plant hosts and insect vectors, but knowledge of their biological and molecular properties is limited. In particular, analyses of 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences revealed that 16SrV group phytoplasma strains identified in grapevine plants are closely related, but associated with distinct ecologies. In this work, we investigated the evolutionary relationships of eight representative 16SrV phytoplasma strains by sequencing 15 ribosomal protein (rp) genes positioned within the S10-spc operon. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences underscored that 16S…
Invasion biology and host specificity of the grapevine yellows disease vector Hyalesthes obsoletus in Europe
2008
Within the past 10 years, the yellows disease ‘bois noir’ (BN) has become one of the commercially most important diseases of grapevine [ Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae)] in Europe. Infection pressure is caused by phytoplasmas of the stolbur 16SrXII-A group that are transmitted by a planthopper vector, Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Infestation happens as an accidental side-effect of the feeding behaviour of the vector, as vector and pathogen proliferation is dependent on other plants. In Germany, the increase of BN is correlated with the use of a new host plant by the vector, increase in abundance of the vector on the new host plant, and dissemination of host plant…
The yeast Starmerella bacillaris (synonym Candida zemplinina) shows high genetic diversity in winemaking environments.
2015
International audience; The yeast Candida zemplinina (Starmerella bacillaris) is frequently isolated from grape and wine environments. Its enological use in mixed fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively investigated these last few years, and several interesting features including low ethanol production, fructophily, glycerol and other metabolites production, have been described. In addition, molecular tools allowing the characterization of yeast populations have been developed, both at the inter- and intraspecific levels. However, most of these fingerprinting methods are not compatible with population genetics or ecological studies. In this work, we developed 10 micr…
Assessment of the pedicel detaching and crashing forces of grape berries to determine the right mechanical harvesting period
2007
During the mechanical harvesting the shakers cause the detachment of the grape berries from the grape stalk but also the breaking of the grape berries peel with the consequent production of must that influences the quality of the harvested grapes. This one is higher in the varieties having grape berries more resistant to the crushing and, at the same time, an easier detachment of the pedicel. The aim of this work is to evaluate, for three different varieties of grape (Chardonnay, Catarratto comune and Nero d’Avola), the crushing strength of the berry, that represents the cause of the production of must during the mechanical harvesting, and the resistance of the berry-pedicel system that inf…
Dominance of wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains over S. kudriavzevii in industrial fermentation competitions is related to an acceleration of nutr…
2019
Grape must is a sugar‐rich habitat for a complex microbiota which is replaced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during the first fermentation stages. Interest on yeast competitive interactions has recently been propelled due to the use of alternative yeasts in the wine industry to respond to new market demands. The main issue resides in the persistence of these yeasts due to the specific competitive activity of S. cerevisiae. To gather deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis during fermentation carried out by a wine S. cerevisiae strain and a strain representative of the cryophilic S. kudriavzevii, which exhibits high genet…
Bioactive Phytochemicals from Grape Seed Oil-Processing By-Products
2022
Winemaking leads to by-products with high added value, which can be used for new productions in different fields. The reuse of grape seed is addressed in the production of oil and related oil-processing by-products. The main residue from seed oil processing is represented by grape seed flour. A focus on grapeseed oil and health by literature quantitative research analysis is presented. Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and biological and functional properties ofgrape seed oil and oil-processing by-products are described, and databases containing data and information on grape seed by-products are highlighted. Due to their contents of nutrients and bioactive molecules, grape seed oil…
Development of a green fluorescent tagged strain of Aspergillus carbonarius to monitor fungal colonization in grapes.
2011
An enhanced green fluorescent protein has been used to tag an OTA-producing strain of Aspergillus carbonarius (W04-40) isolated from naturally infected grape berries. Transformation of the fungus was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The most efficient transformation occurred when the co-cultivation was done with 104 conidia due to higher frequency of resistance colonies (894 per 104 conidia) and lower background obtained. To confirm the presence of the hph gene in hygromycin resistant colonies, 20 putative transformants were screened by PCR analysis. The hph gene was identified in all the transformants. Variation on the expression levels of the eGFP was detected among the transformant…