Search results for "growth"
showing 10 items of 5134 documents
Développement postnatal et évolution du complexe craniofacial chezles rongeurs
2022
Understanding developmental mechanisms in evolution is crucial to apprehend the diversification of organismal forms. In mammals, changes occur during all development phases (prenatal and postnatal). Postnatal growth plays an essential role in the acquisition of the adult shape. During this period, the craniofacial complex undergoes many changes in functional constraint forcing the different tissue to accommodate while adjusting, along the growth and at the adult stage, to a certain level of functional performance. These different developmental interactions respond to several influencing factors such as molecular, genetic and cellular processes but also the environment. The latter will play …
A multispecies approach for modeling the ecological impact of urban development using landscape graphs
2013
International audience; Managing urban sprawl is become a major concern in the field of landscape ecology, since the land use changes involved by urban development may affect the ability of wildlife species to move across the landscape. In order to compare the ecological impact of several urban patterns, we aim at combining two complementary approaches: 1) Simulations of residential development from an initial land use map, using morphological rules of urban development (i.e. fractal vs non fractal) and accessibility constraints; 2) Models of ecological networks applied to a given natural habitat, using a landscape graphs-based approach. As landscape graphs are built according to the moving…
Comparative effect of inorganic N on plant growth and N2 fixation of ten legume crops
2018
International audience; [pas de résumé]
Combining ecophysiological and microbial ecological approaches to assess interaction between genotypes of Medicago truncatula and the soil bacterial …
2011
International audience; Microbial communities can play a key role in sustainable agriculture by improving crop growth. Currently, a major stake is to study the effect of the plant genotype on the shaping of the soil microbial communities in relation to the plant nutrition. Methods: The links between the plant genotype and the rhizospheric bacterial communities were assessed at both structural and functional level using a multidisciplinary approach. On the one side, the genetic structure (Automated Ribosomial Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA)) and diversity (454 pyrosequencing) of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere was first analysed. On the other side, using an ecophysiological model…
Effect of rhizosphère bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Christmas rose (Helleborus niger L.)
2010
International audience; Micropropagated and vegetative (by rhizome cuttings) propagated plants of Christmas rose ( Helleborus niger L.) were tested for their responses to the inoculation with microorganisms in order to optimize root growth and development. In our experiment, plants were inoculated with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi or/and Agrobacterium radiobacter . The investigation indicated that inoculation with A. radiobacter had significantly positive effect on growth and development of plants multiplicated by in vitro techniques as compared to the dual inoculation. This study indicates that, biotization can be beneficial to plant growth in in vitro plant production systems but inoc…
Study of the adaptative response of N2 fixation to a root pruning in peas using environmental and genetic variations
2013
International audience; Pea is the first grain legume grown in Europe for its seeds rich in protein. As a legume, it has the ability to fix atmospheric N2 by the symbiosis with Rhyzobium bacteria. Still, N nutrition can be a limiting factor of pea yield, due to a high sensitivity of symbiotic N2 fixation to biotic stress like Aphanomyces that leads to root rots. The consequences of root damage on nodules and their N2 fixing activity and the possible adaptive response of plants still remain unknown. Root pruning could be an innovative experimental way to study these effects, resulting both in nodules and N2 deprivation. Still, researches described the adaptive responses of plants to a local …
Quantification of nitrogen fluxes and explanatory plant traits during a two year legume-cereal rotation
2018
National audience; A better understanding of how plant growth, N nutrition and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) are influenced by soil inorganic N availability, for a wide range of legume species, is crucial to optimise legume productivity, N2 fixation, while limiting environmental risks such as N leaching. A comparative analysis was performed for ten legume crops, grown in a field experiment and supplied with four levels of N fertiliser. Dry matter, N concentration and SNF were measured. Parallely, root traits were studied in a greenhouse experiment. For most species, inorganic N inputs had little effect on plant growth and N nutrition. SNF was negatively affected by soil inorganic N avai…
New perspectives and approaches in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria research
2007
International audience; In the context of increasing international concern for food and environmental quality, use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture is a potentially important issue. PGPR are root-colonizing bacteria that exert beneficial effects on plant growth and development, but they can be also employed in the control of plant pathogens, for enhancing the efficiency of fertilizers, and for degrading xenobiotic compounds. This book provides an update by renowned international experts on the most recent advances in the ecology of these important bacteria, the application of innovative methodologies for their study, their interactio…
Investigation of marine and continental layers in a stalactite older than 1 million years (Custonaci, north-western sector of Sicily)
2012
Questo lavoro si basa sul ritrovamento, in una grotta carsica, a 100 metri di quota a Custonaci in provincia di Trapani, di una stalattite di notevole interesse paleo climatico, ricoperta da coralli marini, la cui sezione rivela la presenza di 3 Iatus che denotano una interruzione della deposizione di carbonato continentale presumibilmente in seguito a trasgressioni marine. Il carbonato, datato attraverso la metodologia 230Th/U MC-ICPMS (NeptunePlus), ha fornito una età più antica del limite temporale massimo di applicabilità del metodo ( 600 ka). I coralli, che ricoprono il livello continentale più giovane, analizzati usando il rapporto 87Sr/86Sr, hanno fornito una età di 1.1±0.2 Myrs. Al…
Infant feeding practices and early growth among children of the nationwide Elfe cohort
2020
International audience; Rapid early growth is considered as a risk factor for obesity later in life. Breastfeeding is associated with slower growth in the first months of life, but the complementary diet of non- exclusively breastfed infants remains poorly considered. Our objective was to analyze the links between infant diet during the first year and growth up to 18 months. Analyses included 8315 infants from the Elfe birth cohort. Infants were grouped into clusters using hierarchical clustering according to infant diet characteristics (breastfeeding duration, introduction of infant formula, main food groups and unmixed foods). Association between clusters and weight, height and BMI betwee…