Search results for "guarantee"

Political risk and export promotion: evidence from Germany

2008

Political risk represents an important hidden transaction cost that reduces international trade. This paper investigates the claim that German public export credit guarantees (Hermes guarantees) mitigate this friction to trade flows and hence promote exports. We employ an empirical trade gravity model, where we explicitly control for political risk in the importing country in order to evaluate the effect of export guarantees. The idea behind export promotion through public export credit agencies (ECAs) is that the private market is unable to provide adequate insurance for all risks associated with exports. As a consequence, firms' export activities are limited in the absence of insurance pr…

Reliable numerical solution of a class of nonlinear elliptic problems generated by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation

2020

We consider a class of nonlinear elliptic problems associated with models in biophysics, which are described by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE). We prove mathematical correctness of the problem, study a suitable class of approximations, and deduce guaranteed and fully computable bounds of approximation errors. The latter goal is achieved by means of the approach suggested in [S. Repin, A posteriori error estimation for variational problems with uniformly convex functionals. Math. Comp., 69:481-500, 2000] for convex variational problems. Moreover, we establish the error identity, which defines the error measure natural for the considered class of problems and show that it yields computa…

The Garantie jeunes : an analysis of the direct and indirect effects on its beneficiaries. Taking into account the non-academic skills of young people

2022

The evaluation of the Garantie jeunes has resulted in three main reports (Farvaque et al., 2016 ; Loison-Leruste et al., 2016 ; Gaini et al., 2018). In this thesis, we seek to find out whether this scheme has an effect on the professional and social insertion of its beneficiaries, which transits through the acquisition of non-academic skills. Using a mixed survey method, we are interested in both the young people and the recruiters likely to hire them. On the one hand, our qualitative longitudinal approach is based on fifty-five semi-structured interviews conducted in three stages with the beneficiaries of the program. On the other hand, our quantitative approach, based on the vignette meth…

Obsolescenza precoce e garanzia di durabilità nella vendita di beni di consumo: note comparatistiche

2023

The essay analyses the legal guarantee of contracts for the sale of consumer goods under Directive (EU) 2019/771, which has expressly introduced durability as an objective requirement for conformity to achieve more sustainable consumption patterns and a circular economy in an increasingly digital-driven market. Such regulatory innovation, however, does not lengthen products' lifespans nor raise consumer protection against premature obsolescence. In anticipation of the revision of the directive by the first half of 2024, the Author underlines the main weaknesses of the legal guarantee of durability and, assisted by the use of a comparative method, suggests that only a pre-contractual informa…

THE EUROPEAN RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY DURING 2014 - 2020

2014

The common agricultural policy has generated contradictory discussions between Member States. Several successive reforms, due to the continuous changing of funding instruments within the common agricultural policy have lead to several changes within the policy. Since the 2000s, the reform policy was reorganized into two complementary pillars, funded through entirely different funds. Thus, the rural development policy becomes separate and specific, rather than common. The current reform, in place starting since 2013 is to bring new several new challenges: maintaining competitiveness of European agriculture within global markets and the promotion of organic farming and creating new jobs. The …

Le droit à l’autodétermination du peuple palestinien

2016

The right of the Palestinian people to liberate themselves from foreign occupation in the name of the principle of self-determination has played, and is playing today, a central role in the resolution of the Arab-Israeli problem, representing a real catalyst principle in a process which, unfortunately, remains unfinished. The question today revolves around the fulfilment of an obligation to negotiate conventionally accepted by the parties, considered without alternative by the international community, but which in practice translates into a right of veto over the exercise of self-determination, contradicting the inalienable nature of this principle. Self-determination thus becomes negotiabl…

Juridiskā zinātne, Nr. 12

2019

The publishing of Journal “Law” of the University of Latvia is financed by the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. The publishing of issue No. 11 is supported by “Eversheds Sutherland Bitāns” Law Office.

Analiza śledcza jako dowód w procesie karnym

2017

Guaranteed error bounds for linear algebra problems and a class of Picard-Lindelöf iteration methods

2012

This study focuses on iteration methods based on the Banach fixed point theorem and a posteriori error estimates of Ostrowski. Their application for systems of linear simultaneous equations, bounded linear operators, as well as integral and differential equations is considered. The study presents a new version of the Picard–Lindelöf method for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) supplied with guaranteed and explicitly computable upper bounds of the approximation error. The estimates derived in the thesis take into account interpolation and integration errors and, therefore, provide objective information on the accuracy of computed approximations.

La garanzia nella vendita: durata e fatti costitutivi delle azioni edilizie

2020

Il saggio affronta il tema dell'onere della prova e del decorso del termine di prescrizione in materia di azioni edilizie nella vendita. L'analisi tenta di dimostrare che la soluzione di entrambe le questiono non può prescindere dall'esatta concettualizzazione della garanzia nella vendita come figura giuridica dell'attribuzione di utilità senza cooperazione. La garanzia risulta, quindi, caratterizzata da un'attribuzione rafforzata di utilità al compratore e ciò non può non ripercuotersi sia sull'onere della prova sia sull'inizio del decorso del termine di prescrizione. The essay addresses the issue of the burden of proof and the expiry of the limitation period for the claim in the field of …