Search results for "gut"
showing 10 items of 605 documents
Paenibacillus larvae Chitin-Degrading Protein PlCBP49 Is a Key Virulence Factor in American Foulbrood of Honey Bees
2014
Paenibacillus larvae, the etiological agent of the globally occurring epizootic American Foulbrood (AFB) of honey bees, causes intestinal infections in honey bee larvae which develop into systemic infections inevitably leading to larval death. Massive brood mortality might eventually lead to collapse of the entire colony. Molecular mechanisms of host-microbe interactions in this system and of differences in virulence between P. larvae genotypes are poorly understood. Recently, it was demonstrated that the degradation of the peritrophic matrix lining the midgut epithelium is a key step in pathogenesis of P. larvae infections. Here, we present the isolation and identification of PlCBP49, a mo…
Health and disease imprinted in the time variability of the human microbiome
2015
Human microbiota plays an important role in determining changes from health to disease. Increasing research activity is dedicated to understand its diversity and variability. We analyse 16S rRNA and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from the gut microbiota of 97 individuals monitored in time. Temporal fluctuations in the microbiome reveal significant differences due to factors that affect the microbiota such as dietary changes, antibiotic intake, early gut development or disease. Here we show that a fluctuation scaling law describes the temporal variability of the system and that a noise-induced phase transition is central in the route to disease. The universal law distinguishes healthy fr…
Sex-specific transgenerational effects of early developmental conditions in a passerine.
2007
Most studies dealing with the trade-off between offspring number and quality have overlooked the long-term consequences for the progeny. High investment in offspring number usually results in an increased competition among nest mates. The deterioration of the early developmental conditions, due to this increased competition, can impair individual quality over the long term, and subsequently affect survival and lifetime fecundity. Moreover, the consequences of the allocation rule to offspring number vs. quality can extend across generations and give raise to grandparental effects. These transgenerational trade-offs have been explored rarely. In the present study, we manipulated the breeding …
Lipopolysaccharides and glucagon-like peptide 1 : from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiology
2016
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic diseases which have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. These metabolic disorders are related to a low grade inflammation whose molecular origin is still unknown. Previous studies have highlighted the involvement of the gut microbiota and especially components of the cell wall of Gram(-) bacteria: lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We have recently shown that LPS enhance glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plasma levels, a hormone which is known to stimulate insulin secretion. Moreover there would be a link between the nutritional qualities of food and LPS plasma levels. Thus diet, LPS and GLP-1 may be closely related. The present work focuses on i) the mol…
Fermentation Products of Commensal Bacteria Alter Enterocyte Lipid Metabolism
2020
eferred to byJia Wen, John F. RawlsFeeling the Burn: Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modify Their Lipid Metabolism in Response to Bacterial Fermentation ProductsCell Host & Microbe, Volume 27, Issue 3, 11 March 2020, Pages 314-316; International audience; Despite the recognized capacity of the gut microbiota to regulate intestinal lipid metabolism, the role of specific commensal species remains undefined. Here, we aimed to understand the bacterial effectors and molecular mechanisms by which Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli regulate lipid metabolism in enterocytes. We show that L-lactate produced by L. paracasei inhibits chylomicron secretion from enterocytes and promotes lipid stora…
Role of intestinal epithelial CD36 in obesity and endotoxemia driven by lipid absorption
2021
Intestinal dysbiosis, increased permeability and inflammation are the hallmarks in obese patients, highlighting the role of small intestine beyond providing with calories. CD36 is a ubiquitous scavenger receptor that exhibits high binding affinity for long-chain fatty acids and is highly expressed in enterocytes, endothelial and immune cells. Interestingly, CD36-/- mice and humans with CD36 polymorphisms have an impaired synthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL). To evaluate the role of CD36 expressed by intestinal-epithelial cells (IEC) in obesity, we conducted experiments on male and female mice deleted in CD36 in IEC (ENT-KO) and control mice (ENT-FL), under standard and high-fat …
À propos de Damon Galgut
2022
Ce court article s'inscrit dans un dossier consacré aux prix littéraires attribués en 2021 à des auteurs africains (Gurnah, Galgut, Diop, Sarr).
“Editing Out the Narrator: George Roy Hill’s Adaptation of Slaughterhouse-Five”
1991
International audience
“Comic Irony and Contradiction in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five”
1992
International audience
Increase in midgut microbiota load induces an apparent immune priming and increases tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis
2010
Summary The insect immune system is comprised of both humoral and cellular components that are mobilized in response to parasitic or pathogenic infections. Activation of the immune response implies a consid- erable expenditure of energy and that is why insects rely on inducible pathways that are activated after coming into contact with the pathogenic agent. Known as immune priming, insects can prolong the activation of the immune response and transmit their immune status to the next generation. Starting from a laboratory colony of the lepidopteran Spodoptera exigua and using the lytic zone assay as a measure of the immune status, we selected for a sub-colony with high levels of immune activ…