Search results for "hôte"
showing 10 items of 52 documents
Régulation et précarisation : l'exemple des femmes de chambre
2007
07020 - 13 p.; Cette communication souligne le rôle des institutions du marché du travail (employeurs, syndicats, État) dans les choix faits par les hôtels français en matière de gestion et conditions de travail. L'inégal accès à un poste stable à temps plein révèle un dualisme croissant dont sont victimes les femmes de chambre.
Les stratégies de conversion touristique des stades d’eau vive olympiques
2016
Cet article analyse l’implantation de sites olympiques — les stades d’eau vive (SEV) — comme un enjeu stratégique pour développer le tourisme urbain. Il s’agit d’étudier comment ces équipements conçus à l’origine pour le slalom, discipline apparue aux Jeux olympiques (JO) en 1972 puis réintroduite à partir de 1992, sont réutilisés pour l’accueil du public. J’analyserai les jeux d’acteurs autour de la reconversion de ces équipements en lieu touristique pour comprendre comment la délocalisation de ces sites a engendré une fréquentation des périphéries métropolitaines. L’objectif consiste à appréhender les phénomènes qui participent à leur mise en tourisme. Des études de cas (Yin, 2003) de qua…
Authentication and authorization security solution for the internet of thing
2021
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the interconnection between the Internet and physical objects, places and environments. However, this extensive connectivity of IoT can be hampered by malicious interventions from cyber attackers. Thus, ensuring security for users and IoT devices remains a challenge, especially authentication and authorization, which are essential building blocks of the security process. This is due to the unconventional IoT characteristics, including scalability, heterogeneity, interoperability, and dynamic changes, which make the existing security measures inadequate. Indeed, these characteristics bring up several security requirements to consider when defining a se…
Gammarids and acanthocephalans, a multi-(cryptic) hosts and multi-parasites system?
2022
Multi-host parasites can exploit various host species that differ in abundance and susceptibility to infection, which will contribute unequally to their transmission and fitness. "Key hosts" are those contributing significantly more to the completion of the life cycle of such parasites. Three non-exclusive criteria may be used to identify a key host: its high abundance, its high exposure/susceptibility to infection, and the large number of infectious stages produced per infected individual. Many parasites with complex life cycles have evolved the ability to manipulate several traits of their intermediate hosts' phenotype, including behavior, thereby increasing the likelihood of transmission…
Comparaison de l’efficience de cinq souches de Rhizobium sur 18 génotypes de pois
2014
Legume-rhizobium association leads to the production of nodules on plant roots, in which atmospheric nitrogen is caught by the bacteria and exchanged for plant carbohydrates. This symbiotic association is probably the best way to increase nitrogen fertilization without using biological or chemical input. Symbiosis mechanisms between both species are thus a challenge for the current research. Previous studies have shown that rhizobia are not equally selected by the different pea genotypes. The objective of this study was to assess if peas select the most efficient bacterial strain. In order to answer this question, we sowed 18 pea genotypes and inoculated each of them with five different rhi…
Impacts of climate change on the performance of an insect pest and associated consequences for tritrophic interactions
2019
Global warming poses a major challenge to living organisms, particularly for ectothermic animals like insects, whose physiology and behaviour are closely related with direct thermal surroundings. This thesis aims at experimentally investigating the impacts of climate change on the overall performance of a major grapevine pest, the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana), and the associated consequences for interactions involving this phytophagous insect and adjacent trophic levels, more specifically natural enemies (parasitoids). The experiments conducted focus on three facets of climate change: an increase in mean temperature, an alteration of daily thermal range, and the occurrence of h…
Role of the non-infective stage of the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhychus laevis on the behavioural manipulation of its amphipod intermediate host
2012
In trophically-transmitted parasites, exploitation strategies of the intermediate host have been selected, in a way increasing parasites transmission probabilities to their definitive host. Particularly, numerous parasites are able to alter their intermediate host behaviour, a phenomenon called ‘behavioural manipulation’. This manipulation only occurs when the parasite developmental stage (or larval stage) is infective for the definitive host. Before reaching this stage, the development of parasite larvae is not sufficiently advanced to allow establishment in the definitive host (this stage is thus called ‘non-infective’). Early transmission of a non-infective stage therefore implies parasi…
Le génome de Botrytis décrypté
2012
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Candida albicans interaction with M cells in an in vitro model of the human intestinal Follicle Associated Epithelium (FAE)
2013
National audience; Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a microorganism belonging to the commensal flora of the intestinal, oral and vaginal mucosal surfaces in healthy humans. This commensalism results from a balance between the virulence factors of the yeast and defense mechanisms of the host. However, disturbance of this balance in a vulnerable patient may result in intense mucosal colonization that promotes invasion of epithelial cells, translocation across the intestinal epithelial barrier and, eventually hematogenous dissemination. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which C. albicans interacts with the intestinal mucosa will improve our knowledge of the physiopathology of dissem…
Enterocytes'tight junctions play a protective role in limiting invasion of Candida albicans into intestinal cells
2013
National audience; C. albicans is a commensal yeast of the mucous membranes in healthy humans that can also be responsible for disseminated candidiasis, mainly originating from the digestive tract in vulnerable patients. Deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the interaction of C. albicans with enterocytes is necessary to better understand the basis of commensalism and pathogenicity of the yeast and to improve the management of disseminated candidiasis. In intestinal epithelia, E-cadherin is constitutive of the Adherens Junctions localized just below the Tight Junctions (TJs) which ensure impermeability of the intestinal barrier. We hypothesized the absence of endocytosis of C…