Search results for "harm"

Metabolic syndrome therapy: Prevention of vascular injury by antidiabetic agents

2005

More than 65 million Americans are currently obese. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, frequently seen in obese subjects, affects 17 million adults in the United States, with a continuous and alarmingly increasing rate. To prevent development of diabetes in those who are at high risk, it is recommended to optimize meal planning and enhance physical activity to make sustained weight reduction possible. In addition to lifestyle changes, various oral antidiabetic agents are available, with diverse mechanisms of action. Some target defective insulin secretion (sulphonylureas, benzoic acid derivatives) or glucose absorption (glycosidase inhibitors), whereas others target insulin resistance (metformin, th…

Choosing an ideal pharmacotherapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia in children.

2018

Dyslipdiemia can manifest at a young age, and it is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the principal cause of mortality in developed nations. Therefore, treating it a...

Control Of Organ Transplant-Associated Graft-versus-Host Disease By Activated Host Lymphocyte Infusions

2004

Background Prolonged persistence of donor-derived T cells after organ transplantation has been proposed to improve long-term allograft survival. However, surviving transplant-derived T cells are also able to mediate devastating graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Currently, GvHD after organ transplantation is usually refractory to conventional therapy and the disease outcome fatal. Methods Graft-reactive host T cells were generated ex vivo from a patient suffering from a severe and refractory liver-transplant-associated GvHD. To control GvHD, activated alloreactive host T cells were repetitively retransferred into the patient (activated host lymphocyte infusion [aHLI]). Results Adoptive trans…

Adrenergic modulation of astroglial phospholipase D activity and cell proliferation.

1999

As phospholipase D (PLD) activation has been associated with mitogenic signalling in several cell types, we tested an association between adrenergic activation of PLD and cellular proliferation in primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes. In 2-week old cultures, PLD activation by noradrenaline (EC50: 0.49 microM) was inhibited by prazosin, a specific antagonist at alpha1-adrenergic receptors (IC50: 0.23 microM). Adrenergic PLD activation was not affected by genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, or by Ro 31-8220, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), but was dose-dependently depressed in the presence of brefeldin A (1-100 microg/ml), an inhibitor of ARF activation. In experiments…

Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated facilitation of endogenous noradrenaline release from rat isolated trachea.

1994

Overflow of endogenous noradrenaline from rat isolated trachea was evoked by electrical field stimulation (3 Hz, 540 pulses) in the presence of yohimbine, desipramine and tyrosine. Isoprenaline 100 nmol/l increased the evoked overflow of noradrenaline by about 65%. This effect was antagonized by propranolol (100 nmol/l) and the beta 2-selective adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 (100 nmol/l), but not by the beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712 A (100 nmol/l). The beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonist formoterol (1-100 nmol/l) also facilitated the evoked overflow of noradrenaline, but maximally by only about 25% at 10 nmol/l, i.e. formoterol behaved as a partial agonist at the…

Management of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Patients with Acute Stroke

2017

BACKGROUND: Stroke represent one of the most devastating of all neurological diseases, affecting about 15 million people per year and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and currently the leading cause of adult disability in developed countries. Blood pressure and heart rate may undergo several modifications in patients with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in fact raised blood pressure levels may lead to cerebral edema, hematoma expansion or hemorrhagic transformation and in contrast low blood pressure can lead to increased cerebral infarction or perihematomal ischemia. In addition, ECG abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are re…

Effect of aging on pain relief in the older cancer patients: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects.

2016

The prevalence of cancer rises with advancing age. A large number of cancer patients are aged over 65 years, and it is expected that even more patients will develop cancer as a consequence of the g...

Depression in the nursing home: a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge study to probe the effectiveness of a novel case management approach to improve tr…

2019

Abstract Background Depression is the second most common psychiatric illness in old people. Up to 30% of nursing home residents suffer from minor or major depression. Although depressive disorders in old age can be improved and even cured with adequate therapy, they often go unnoticed in nursing home residents and remain untreated. This highlights a striking deficit in health care and might results not only in lower quality of life among those concerned but also in poor physical functioning, premature mortality and increased hospitalization rates. Methods The aim of the interdisciplinary research project DAVOS is to implement an innovative and stepped structural case management program to i…

9.11 Association between Plasma Aldosterone, Metabolic Syndrome and Left Ventricular Mass in Essential Hypertension

2008

Conceptos nuevos sobre el sistema renina angiotensina

2010

In recent years, new components of the renin-angiotensin system have been described. Five new polypeptides with their synthesis routes and the enzymes involved in their synthesis have been identified. Receptors for angiotensin 1–7, angiotensin IV and renin have also been described. The knowledge of local renin-angiotensin systems has been extended with the discovery of the intracellular systems. Mutations and polymorphisms in the genes of the different components of the renin-angiotensin system have been described. These could be involved in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In addition, aliskiren, the first component of the new group of renin direct inhibitors, ha…