Search results for "harm"
showing 10 items of 13866 documents
Decidual endothelial cells express surface-bound C1q as a molecular bridge between endovascular trophoblast and decidual endothelium.
2008
This study was prompted by the observation that decidual endothelial cells (DECs), unlike endothelial cells (ECs) of blood vessels in normal skin, kidney glomeruli and brain, express surface-bound C1q in physiologic pregnancy. This finding was unexpected, because deposits of C1q are usually observed in pathologic conditions and are associated with complement activation. In the case of DECs, we failed to detect immunoglobulins and C4 co-localized with C1q on the cell surface. Surprisingly, DECs expressed mRNA for the three chains of C1q and secreted detectable level of this component in serum-free medium. The ability to synthesize C1q is acquired by DECs during pregnancy and is not shared by…
<p>Day and Night Control of COPD and Role of Pharmacotherapy: A Review</p>
2020
The topic of 24-hour management of COPD is related to day-to-night symptoms management, specific follow-up and patients' adherence to therapy. COPD symptoms strongly vary during day and night, being worse in the night and early morning. This variability is not always adequately considered in the trials. Night-time symptoms are predictive of higher mortality and more frequent exacerbations; therefore, they should be a target of therapy. During night-time, in COPD patients the supine position is responsible for a different thoracic physiology; moreover, during some sleep phases the vagal stimulation determines increased bronchial secretions, increased blood flow in the bronchial circulation (…
Pharmacotherapy of COPD in Central and Eastern Europe - The POPE study
2016
Introduction: In Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is high. It remains unknown whether patients are treated in line with GOLD recommendations or according to their phenotypes. Our aim was to analyze the treatment patterns of COPD in CEE. Methods: In the frame of the POPE study (ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT02119494) data including pharmacotherapy were collected in patients with stable COPD across 11 CEE countries. Results: 3366 patients (66±9 yrs, 70% male, FEV 1 53±18%) participated in the study. In all GOLD categories, the most widely used medications were long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA), followed by long-acting antimuscarinic agents…
Severe Tremor After Cotrimoxazole-Induced Elevation of Venlafaxine Serum Concentrations in a Patient With Major Depressive Disorder
2013
: We describe a female patient who was an extensive metabolizer of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme (CYP) 2D6 and an intermediate metabolizer of CYP2C19 (genotype: CYP2C19 *1/*2). She exhibited high serum concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine and developed severe tremor after comedication with cotrimoxazole (sulfamethazole/trimethoprim). Venlafaxine is mainly metabolized by O- and N-demethylation. O-demethylation is catalyzed by the highly polymorphic CYP2D6 and N-demethylation by several enzymes, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4. The observed overall pharmacokinetic effect was most probably the result of decreased N-demethylation of venlafaxine by (1) reduced expression of CYP2C19 d…
Peptide neuroanatomy of adjuvant-induced arthritic inflammation in rat
1988
The influence of adjuvant-induced arthritis of the rat on central and peripheral peptide neuroanatomy was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The most striking feature of arthritic rats was the differential intensification of neuronal proenkephalin- and prodynorphin-related staining in dorsal horn. Changes were ipsilateral in monoarthritic and bilateral in polyarthritic rats as compared to controls. Opioid responsive neurons were target of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) fibers. Changes of SP and CGRP predominated in peripheral inflamed tissue and consisted of intensified immunostaining and an apparent sprouting of sensory fibers particularly around venules, in…
The impact of psychopharmacology on contemporary clinical psychiatry.
2014
Clinical psychiatric evaluations of patients have changed dramatically in recent decades. Both initial assessments and follow-up visits have become brief and superficial, focused on searching for categorical diagnostic criteria from checklists, with limited inquiry into patient-reported symptomatic status and tolerability of treatments. The virtually exclusive therapeutic task has become selecting a plausible psychotropic, usually based on expert consensus guidelines. These guidelines and practice patterns rest mainly on published monotherapy trials that may or may not be applicable to particular patients but are having a profound impact, not only on modern psychiatric practice but also on…
Oxycodone extended release capsules for the treatment of chronic pain
2017
As a consequence of greater prescription opioid utilization, there has been the parallel increase in misuse, abuse, and overdose, which are serious risks. Associated new formulations may be safer. Areas covered: The introduction of abuse-deterrent opioid formulations and continuous programs to improve opioid prescribing practices may limit the opioid abuse and its consequences. Oxycodone extended release capsules are an extended-release (ER), microsphere-in-capsule abuse-deterrent-formulation designed to retain its extended-release properties following tampering or misuse (e.g., chewing, crushing). Studies have reported that this preparation is efficacious in patients with low back pain, le…
Acute and Chronic Captopril, but Not Prazosin or Nifedipine, Normalize Alterations in Adrenergic Intracellular Ca2+ Handling Observed in the Mesenter…
2004
The effect of hypertension and acute (36-h) or chronic (from age 6 to 16 weeks) antihypertensive treatment with prazosin (2 mg kg(-1) per day), nifedipine (50 mg kg(-1) per day), or captopril (50 mg kg(-1) per day) on Ca2+ mobilization due to alpha1-adrenoceptor activation was analyzed in functional studies using arterial rings [four conductance/distributing vessels: aorta, main mesenteric, iliac, and tail arteries and two resistance vessels; first and second small mesenteric artery branches obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 6 and 16 weeks old) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY)]. Maximal response to noradrenaline in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ is not affected …
Activities of angiotensin-converting enzymes ACE1 and ACE2 and inhibition by bioactive peptides in porcine ocular tissues.
2009
An active local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has recently been found in the human eye. The aim of the present study was to compare the activities of central RAS enzymes (ACE1 and 2) in porcine ocular tissues, morphologically and physiologically close to the human eye. In addition, the effects of three ACE-inhibitory tripeptides on these enzymes were evaluated.Enucleated fresh porcine eyes were used. Activities of ACE1 and ACE2 and their inhibition by bioactive tripeptides (Ile-Pro-Pro, Val-Pro-Pro, Leu-Pro-Pro) as well as by a standard ACE-inhibitor captopril were assayed in the vitreous body, the retina and the ciliary body using fluorometric detection methods.Activity of ACE1 as well as…
Mucosa-dependent muscarinic liberation of prostaglandins from rat isolated trachea.
1995
1. The present study examined whether cholinoceptor stimulation modulates the release of arachidonic acid-derived mediators from rat isolate tracheae. 2. Tracheae were preincubated with [3H]-arachidonic acid and the outflow of 3H-compounds was determined. Acetylcholine and the muscarinic agonist, carbachol but not nicotine, increased the rate of tritium outflow maximally by about 30%. The M3 receptor-preferring antagonist rho-fluoro-hexahydrosiladiphenidol was more effective than pirenzepine and methoctramine in antagonizing the effect of acetylcholine. 3. High performance liquid chromatography analysis (methanol gradient) of the released 3H-compounds showed that one peak, co-eluting with […