Search results for "harmonization"
showing 10 items of 62 documents
Sports participation in France and Spain: An international comparison of voraciousness for sport
2020
International audience; The societal comparative approach used in this article to assess voraciousness for sport is based on local surveys. The global was studied at a local level, based on a lengthy process of harmonization of quantitative local surveys. The research is carried out in two countries that are geographically close, but quite different to each other: France and Spain. In an increasingly globalized world, the objective is to examine differences in the social uses of physical activities and sports (PAS) between the two populations, by explaining them with respect to the differences between these two societies as a whole. The social differentiations identified in the portfolio si…
The Development of the MeDALL Core Questionnaires for a Harmonized Follow-Up Assessment of Eleven European Birth Cohorts on Asthma and Allergies
2014
Background: Numerous birth cohorts have been initiated in the world over the past 30 years using heterogeneous methods to assess the incidence, course and risk factors of asthma and allergies. The aim of the present work is to provide the stepwise proceedings of the development and current version of the harmonized MeDALL-Core Questionnaire (MeDALL-CQ) used prospectively in 11 European birth cohorts. Methods: The harmonization of questions was accomplished in 4 steps: (i) collection of variables from 14 birth cohorts, (ii) consensus on questionnaire items, (iii) translation and back-translation of the harmonized English MeDALL-CQ into 8 other languages and (iv) implementation of the harmoni…
Le modifiche alla disciplina del MAE per effetto della legge di delegazione europea
2020
Il mandato di arresto europeo ha rappresentato il primo e più importante strumento di mutuo riconoscimento per i Paesi dell’Unione europea. In quasi un ventennio di applicazione l’istituto è stato caratterizzato da adeguamenti parziali del legislatore interno, da progressive spinte armonizzatrici del diritto dell’Unione, da un intenso dialogo multilivello tra le Corti. Il contributo offre un commento alle disposizioni della l. 4 ottobre 2019, n. 117 che hanno specificamente interessato la forma di consegna, mettendo in evidenza i tratti innovativi, ma al contempo sottolineando lacune, difetti di specificità e di tempestività che segnano la disomogeneità rispetto alle Decisioni quadro nonché…
The Harmonization of Commercial Law in Africa: the Project Related to Telecommunications in the OHADA Harmonization Process
2007
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Harmonization and differences in CSR reporting of US and German companies
2016
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to extend the theoretical discussion and empirical evidence on harmonization as well as differences in CSR reporting, and to dismantle inconsistencies owing to the idiosyncratic methods applied in previous studies. While institutional and cultural differences suggest country-of-origin effects, the proliferation of global standards for CSR reporting is expected to promote harmonization.Design/methodology/approach– Based on a literature review hypotheses concerning harmonization and country-of-origin effects were derived. Reports were content analyzed using the software Leximancer. Harmonization effects were examined by comparing reports of companies that…
Late Cardiac Events after Childhood Cancer: Methodological Aspects of the Pan-European Study PanCareSurFup.
2016
Background and AimChildhood cancer survivors are at high risk of long-term adverse effects of cancer and its treatment, including cardiac events. The pan-European PanCareSurFup study determined the incidence and risk factors for cardiac events among childhood cancer survivors. The aim of this article is to describe the methodology of the cardiac cohort and nested case-control study within PanCareSurFup.MethodsEight data providers in Europe participating in PanCareSurFup identified and validated symptomatic cardiac events in their cohorts of childhood cancer survivors. Data on symptomatic heart failure, ischemia, pericarditis, valvular disease and arrhythmia were collected and graded accordi…
Harmonization of Immune Biomarker Assays for Clinical Studies
2011
Assays that measure a patient's immune response play an increasingly important role in the development of immunotherapies. The inherent complexity of these assays and independent protocol development between laboratories result in high data variability and poor reproducibility. Quality control through harmonization--based on integration of laboratory-specific protocols with standard operating procedures and assay performance benchmarks--is one way to overcome these limitations. Harmonization guidelines can be widely implemented to address assay performance variables. This process enables objective interpretation and comparison of data across clinical trial sites and also facilitates the ide…
Comparative Analysis Between Portugal and Spain
2021
This chapter comparatively analyzes Portugal and Spain in relation to the implementation of the IPSAS-based accounting system as two European continental countries embedded in the Napoleonic administrative tradition and considered “latecomers” in the NPM reforms. It adds knowledge about the differences in the harmonization process and in the operationalization of the new accounting system in these particular contexts. Main findings show that IPSAS and the IFRS-based business accounting system have been important references for the new public sector accounting system in both countries. On the other hand, although Spain is more experienced in operationalizing the new IPSAS-based accounting sy…
An Introduction to the HLanData Project: a Step Forward in the Harmonization of Spatial Information Throughout Europe
2021
Nowadays spatial information is becoming more and more accessible for various purposes due to local, national and European initiatives. This paper is addressed to one such initiative Hlandata, whose purpose is to make a significant step forward in the harmonization and use of land cover (LC) and land use (LU) geographic data and its related data bases over Europe. The project was developed using the best experiences from previous geographic data harmonization activities with the goal of demonstrating the feasibility of European level harmonization of land information related datasets. The three pilot projects “LU-LC Data Analysis System for intermediatelevel users”, “Harmonized and Interope…
Sanctions for Legal Entities in South American and European Systems of Corporate Criminal Liability
2021
The present analysis of sanctions for cases of liability of legal entities for crimes (corporate criminal liability) adopts a two-fold comparative perspective. First, it focuses on the sanctions provided by the laws of those legal systems, in South America, which introduced such liability, especially in the last two decades after the United Nations’ treaties on organized crime and corruption. Then, it continues with a parallel overview of sanctioning choices in those Member States of the European Union which opted for such liability. The analysis highlights similar and different approaches both in the two contexts and within each of them. Overall, a process of “weak harmonization” of sancti…