Search results for "havaintopsykologia"
showing 10 items of 14 documents
Where is the beat in that note? Effects of attack, duration, and frequency on the perceived timing of musical and quasi-musical sounds
2019
The perceptual center (P-center) of a sound is typically understood as the specific moment at which it is perceived to occur. Using matched sets of real and artificial musical sounds as stimuli, we probed the influence of attack (rise time), duration, and frequency (center frequency) on perceived P-center location and P-center variability. Two different methods to determine the P-centers were used: Clicks aligned in-phase with the target sounds via the method of adjustment, and tapping in synchrony with the target sounds. Attack and duration were the primary cues for P-center location and P-center variability; P-center variability was found to be a useful measure of P-center shape. Consiste…
Individual differences in working memory capacity are unrelated to the magnitudes of retrocue benefits
2021
AbstractPrevious studies have associated visual working memory (VWM) capacity with the use of internal attention. Retrocues, which direct internal attention to a particular object or feature dimension, can improve VWM performance (i.e., retrocue benefit, RCB). However, so far, no study has investigated the relationship between VWM capacity and the magnitudes of RCBs obtained from object-based and dimension-based retrocues. The present study explored individual differences in the magnitudes of object- and dimension-based RCBs and their relationships with VWM capacity. Participants completed a VWM capacity measurement, an object-based cue task, and a dimension-based cue task. We confirmed tha…
Coherence between brain activation and speech envelope at word and sentence levels showed age-related differences in low frequency bands
2021
Abstract Speech perception is dynamic and shows changes across development. In parallel, functional differences in brain development over time have been well documented and these differences may interact with changes in speech perception during infancy and childhood. Further, there is evidence that the two hemispheres contribute unequally to speech segmentation at the sentence and phonemic levels. To disentangle those contributions, we studied the cortical tracking of various sized units of speech that are crucial for spoken language processing in children (4.7–9.3 years old, N = 34) and adults (N = 19). We measured participants’ magnetoencephalogram (MEG) responses to syllables, words, and…
Kuva, havainto ja todellisuus : todellisuudesta ja kuvasta muodostuvat havainnot sekä niiden vastaavuus kuvioiden, objektien, tilan ja syvyyden suhte…
2000
Human brain ages with hierarchy-selective attenuation of prediction errors
2020
Abstract From the perspective of predictive coding, our brain embodies a hierarchical generative model to realize perception, which proactively predicts the statistical structure of sensory inputs. How are these predictive processes modified as we age? Recent research suggested that aging leads to decreased weighting of sensory inputs and increased reliance on predictions. Here we investigated whether this age-related shift from sensorium to predictions occurs at all levels of hierarchical message passing. We recorded the electroencephalography responses with an auditory local–global paradigm in a cohort of 108 healthy participants from 3 groups: seniors, adults, and adolescents. The detect…
A Facilitatory Effect of Perceptual Incongruity on Target-Source Matching in Pictorial Metaphors of Chinese Advertising: EEG Evidence
2020
Using evoked response potentials, we investigated the implicit detection of incongruity during target-source matching in pictorial metaphors of Chinese advertising. Participants saw an image of a product (the target in a visual metaphorical relationship), and then made a same-different judgment in response to a second image (the source in a visual metaphorical relationship) which was (in)congruous to the first image in terms of shape and/or function. We collected behavioral (button-press reaction time and accuracy), and neural (N270, delta and theta band activity) measures. The time-frequency analysis showed faster processing of incongruous visual information. Moreover, shape and conceptual…
I know what i like when i see it:Likability is distinct from pleasantness since early stages of multimodal emotion evaluation
2021
Liking and pleasantness are common concepts in psychological emotion theories and in everyday language related to emotions. Despite obvious similarities between the terms, several empirical and theoretical notions support the idea that pleasantness and liking are cognitively different phenomena, becoming most evident in the context of emotion regulation and art enjoyment. In this study it was investigated whether liking and pleasantness indicate behaviourally measurable differences, not only in the long timespan of emotion regulation, but already within the initial affective responses to visual and auditory stimuli. A cross-modal affective priming protocol was used to assess whether there i…
Both contextual regularity and selective attention affect the reduction of precision‐weighted prediction errors but in distinct manners
2021
Predictive coding model of perception postulates that the primary objective of the brain is to infer the causes of sensory inputs by reducing prediction errors (i.e., the discrepancy between expected and actual information). Moreover, prediction errors are weighted by their precision (i.e., inverse variance), which quantifies the degree of certainty about the variables. There is accumulating evidence that the reduction of precision‐weighted prediction errors can be affected by contextual regularity (as an external factor) and selective attention (as an internal factor). However, it is unclear whether the two factors function together or separately. Here we used electroencephalography (EEG) …
Auditory perceptual learning : evidence from electrophysiological recordings in rodents and humans
2018
Yllättävät muutokset äänimaailmassa viestittävät yleensä selviytymisen kannalta tärkeistä vihjeistä, joten niiden nopea ja automaattinen havaitseminen on tärkeää. Tietoinen harjoittelu mahdollistaa havainto-oppimisen ja oppimisen seurauksena hermostoon muodostuu uusia muistijälkiä. Varhaisessa kehityksessä herkkyyskauden aikana muistijälkien muodostuminen, ihmisellä erityisesti puheäänille, on automaattista, eikä siihen vaadita tietoista harjoittelua. Toisaalta perinteisesti on ajateltu, että herkkyyskauden jälkeen vain aktiivinen harjoittelu johtaa uusien muistijälkien muodostumiseen. Muutoksen havaitsemisen hermostollista perustaa voidaan tutkia mittaamalla aivojen sähköisiä jännitevastei…
Towards a comprehensive theory of musical emotions : a multidimensional research approach and some empirical findings
2006
Musiikin tunnevaikutukset ovat hyvin moniulotteinen ilmiö, jota muokkaavat musiikin ominaisuuksien lisäksi muun muassa yksilölliset erot ja musiikin kuuntelun konteksti, Kari Kallinen havaitsi väitöstutkimuksessaan.Musiikin tunnevaikutuksiin liittyy monia osatekijöitä, kuten musiikin ominaisuudet, esimerkiksi musiikin tyyli ja rakenne sekä musiikkia kuuntelevan yksilön ominaisuudet, esimerkiksi persoonallisuus ja musiikkimaku. Myös musiikin kuuntelun sosiaaliset ja muut kontekstit tuovat oman vaikutuksensa. Tunteet itsessään muodostuvat myös useasta erilaisesta komponentista kuten subjektiivisesta (esimerkiksi ärtymys), ekspressiivisestä (ärtynyt ilme) ja fysiologisesta (kohonnut pulssi) ko…