Search results for "herbicide"
showing 10 items of 273 documents
Validation of a set of reference genes to study response to herbicide stress in grasses
2012
Abstract Background Non-target-site based resistance to herbicides is a major threat to the chemical control of agronomically noxious weeds. This adaptive trait is endowed by differences in the expression of a number of genes in plants that are resistant or sensitive to herbicides. Quantification of the expression of such genes requires normalising qPCR data using reference genes with stable expression in the system studied as internal standards. The aim of this study was to validate reference genes in Alopecurus myosuroides, a grass (Poaceae) weed of economic and agronomic importance with no genomic resources. Results The stability of 11 candidate reference genes was assessed in plants res…
Scientific opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA-GMO-NL-2012-106) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide-t…
2017
Abstract Soybean DAS‐44406‐6 expresses 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (2mEPSPS), conferring tolerance to glyphosate‐based herbicides, aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (AAD‐12), conferring tolerance to 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and other related phenoxy herbicides, and phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT), conferring tolerance to glufosinate ammonium‐based herbicides. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatics analyses did not identify issues requiring assessment for food/feed safety. The agronomic and phenotypic characteristics revealed no relevant differences between soybean DAS‐44406‐6 and its conventional counterpart, except for pod count, seed cou…
Acute, chronic and sublethal effects of the herbicide propanil on Daphnia magna.
2003
Acute and chronic toxicity tests with propanil were conducted on Daphnia magna. The 24 and 48 h LC50 were 43.74 and 5.01 mg/l respectively. Chronic toxicity tests were carried out using sublethal propanil concentrations (0.07, 0.10, 0.21 and 0.55 mg/l) during 21 days. The effect of propanil on survival, reproduction and growth of D. magna organisms was monitored. The parameters used to evaluate herbicide effect on reproduction were: mean total young ones per female, mean brood size, time to first reproduction, mean number broods per female and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r). Survival and growth (body length) were also determined after 21 days of exposure to the herbicide. Reproducti…
Uso di alcuni estratti vegetali come bio-erbicidi
2014
Le infestanti competono con le piante coltivate per la luce, gli elementi nutritivi, l'acqua e lo spazio, e influenzano fortemente le produzioni agrarie sia sotto l'aspetto quantitativo che qualitativo. Normalmente le infestanti riescono ad assorbire e utilizzare l'acqua e gli elementi nutritivi più rapidamente ed efficacemente delle colture principali, accrescendosi più velocemente di queste, fino, talvolta, ad inibirne del tutto lo sviluppo. Nel corso del tempo, alcune infestanti hanno sviluppato meccanismi di resistenza agli erbicidi comunemente utilizzati. Questa acquisizione, unitamente alla necessità di reperire soluzioni al problema della gestione delle infestanti anche in condizioni…
Herbicides : vaincre les résistances
2014
Interview article par Marion CoisneDépartement SPEPôle GEAPSI; absent
Combination of supported liquid membrane and solid-phase extraction for sample pretreatment of triazine herbicides in juice prior to capillary electr…
2002
A possibility of a combination of supported liquid membrane (SLM) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the determination of atrazine at microgram level in different type of fruit juices is presented. In comparison to SPE extraction from juice samples, the application of SLM-SPE enrichment provides much cleaner extracts and the possibility of lowering the limit of detection as low as 30 microg/l. However, it was also shown that by appropriate manipulation of SLM extraction conditions mainly flow-rate of donor phase and volume ratio between donor and acceptor phase, the level of detection can be further decreased to 10 microg/l. The results suggest that the application of SLM extraction prior…
Groupe de travail COLUMA Bourgogne Franche-Comté : analyse et cartographie de la résistance aux herbicides sur céréales
2013
This working group made a survey and drew maps of herbicide resistances in cereal crops according to modes of action and weed species. These resistances concern mainly grass weeds but also one dicot weeds.
Leaching of diuron and oryzalin in undisturbed lysimeters of three vineyard soils (Vosne-Romanée, 21)
2001
La mobilité du diuron et de l'oryzalin a été étudiée en colonnes de sol non perturbé au laboratoire. Les sols étudiés sont trois sols viticoles de la région Bourgogne (Vosne-Romanée, 21) et ont été prélevés selon une topolithoséquence. Leurs teneurs en carbone organique sont respectivement de 1,2 %, 1,7 % et 2,2 % pour le sol brun calcaire de mi-pente (SBC MP), le sol brun calcaire de bas de pente (SBC BP) et la rendzine. Après une hauteur de pluie simulée de 845 mm, les percolats respectifs de la rendzine, du SBC MP et du SBC BP contiennent des quantités plus importantes de diuron (3,2 %, 11,8 % et 18,8 %), que d'oryzalin (0,2 %, 4,9 % et 3,7 % des quantités appliquées). Dans les colonnes …
Weed resistance to herbicides in France: current situation and future prospects
2013
This talk will inventory weed species with confirmed cases of herbicide resistance in France. Species most prone to evolve herbicide resistance in the future will be listed, taking into account the current context of herbicide-tolerant crop variety release. Last, guidance (not to be heeded!) will be provided on how best to select for herbicide resistance.
In vitro evolution of an atrazine-degrading population under cyanuric acid selection pressure: Evidence for the selective loss of a 47kb region on th…
2011
International audience; The adaptation of microorganisms to pesticide biodegradation relies on the recruitment of catabolic genes by horizontal gene transfer and homologous recombination mediated by insertion sequences (IS). This environment-friendly function is maintained in the degrading population but it has a cost which could diminish its fitness. The loss of genes in the course of evolution being a major mechanism of ecological specialization, we mimicked evolution in vitro by sub-culturing the atrazine-degrading Pseudomonas sp. ADP in a liquid medium containing cyanuric acid as the sole source of nitrogen. After 120 generations, a new population evolved, which replaced the original on…