Search results for "herbicide"
showing 10 items of 273 documents
Identification of potential mycoherbicides using a metabarcoding approach
2018
National audience
Orobanche rameuse du tabac (Phelipanche ramosa L.) : Identifier de nouvelles solutions conventionnelles et de biocontrôle
2019
The branching broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa L. is an obligate parasitic plant, which in a few years became a major agronomic problem for tobacco crops in France. Two approaches, aiming at controlling broomrape were tested within the framework of the ELIOT project grouping Arvalis, the CT2F cooperative and the INRA center of Dijon. The first relates to sulfonylurea herbicides, including rimsulfuron and sulfosulfuron and a systemic herbicide of the cyclohexanediones family, clethodim. The results, although instructive, do not reflect an effective control of broomrape. The second approach deals with the search for soil-borne fungi that are pathogenic to broomrape. A large number of fungal stra…
Genetic determinisms, evolution and detection of non-target-site based resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate-synthase in rye-grass (Lolium…
2016
The aim of this study is to unravel the genetic determinism of non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate-synthase (ALS) in the major weed rye-grass (Lolium sp.), and to estimate the feasibility of NTSR diagnosis based on genetic data. On the one hand, this work contributes to the understanding of the processes driving the evolution of NTSR to herbicides, and on the other hand it lays the foundations for the development of a diagnosis tool to identify NTSR to ALS inhibiting herbicides. - Using a quantitative transcriptome sequencing approach, we showed that NTSR evolve by recurrent selection of higher and higher constitutive expression levels of genes involved i…
Peut-on réduire les herbicides sans perdre de rendement ?
2019
Afin de concevoir des systèmes agricoles durables et économes en herbicides, il est indispensable de comprendre les relations entre usage d'herbicides, niveau d’infestation par les adventices et pertes de rendement. Comme les agriculteurs raisonnent l'utilisation des herbicides en fonction de la flore et de leurs autres pratiques (ex. travail du sol, date de semis, rotation), il est difficile d'évaluer ces relations directement en parcelles agricoles, tant les possibilités sont nombreuses. Notre étude a donc choisi de traiter la question via l’utilisation d’un modèle de simulation. Nous avons collecté et simulé 272 systèmes de culture d'agriculteurs de sept régions avec la flore adventice t…
New polymorphic markers for genetic diversity studies in an invasive plant: the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)
2014
Common ragweed is an annual herb that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is known as an invasive plant originating from the USA. In France the common ragweed is especially abundant in the Rhône-Alpes basin and currently spreads northwards in Burgundy. Ragweed colonizes different types of environments, such as railways, river sides, wastelands, farmlands and cultivated crops (especially sunflowers crops). Herbicide resistance to linuron, glyphosate and/or acetolactate synthase inhibitors has been reported in the USA, which complicates the chemical control of ragweed. In addition, the highly allergenic pollen of ragweed causes severe allergies. These elements make this plant a major threat …
An “omic” approach towards molecular diagnosis of resistance to auxinic herbicides in Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas)
2021
National audience; Papaver rhoeas (corn poppy) is a major, troublesome weed in winter crops. In conventionalagriculture, poppy control is essentially achieved through herbicide application. Followingintensive use of these substances, resistance has evolved in many poppy populations across itsrange in Europe. Among the herbicide modes of action concerned by resistance are auxinmimeticherbicides (HRAC group 4/O). Resistance to this mode of action has little beeninvestigated, and its determinants remain largely unknown. Literature data suggests that, whiletarget-site-based resistance exist, non-target-site-based resistance mechanisms may bepredominant. Target-site-based resistance to auxinic h…
On a les adventices qu’on mérite, mais ce n’est pas toujours mauvais signe ! Retour sur 17 ans d’essai INRA sur la réduction des herbicides
2019
National audience; On sait depuis longtemps que la gestion des adventices ne peut être réglée en un claquement de doigts, surtout quand on est en transition vers un système plus innovant. On sait aussi que c’est rarement la recherche de méthodes de substitution qui permet d’atteindre des objectifs ambitieux. Une « reconception » profonde du système est souvent nécessaire pour se donner les moyens d’atteindre la multiperformance. C’est ce que l’Inra a fait, en 2000, en définissant et en testant cinq prototypes de systèmes de culture visant à réduire l’usage d’herbicides. L’un des systèmes a été en TCS pendant dix ans, et en semis direct sous couvert (ACS) durant les sept dernières années. Ca…
Leaching of diuron and oryzalin in undisturbed lysimeters of three vineyard soils (Vosne-Romanée, 21)
2001
La mobilité du diuron et de l'oryzalin a été étudiée en colonnes de sol non perturbé au laboratoire. Les sols étudiés sont trois sols viticoles de la région Bourgogne (Vosne-Romanée, 21) et ont été prélevés selon une topolithoséquence. Leurs teneurs en carbone organique sont respectivement de 1,2 %, 1,7 % et 2,2 % pour le sol brun calcaire de mi-pente (SBC MP), le sol brun calcaire de bas de pente (SBC BP) et la rendzine. Après une hauteur de pluie simulée de 845 mm, les percolats respectifs de la rendzine, du SBC MP et du SBC BP contiennent des quantités plus importantes de diuron (3,2 %, 11,8 % et 18,8 %), que d'oryzalin (0,2 %, 4,9 % et 3,7 % des quantités appliquées). Dans les colonnes …
Mise en évidence du rôle de la diversité dans la dynamique des communautés d'adventices et des interactions adventices/cultures
2020
The main challenge of 21st century agriculture is to provide sufficient food for a growing to identify cropping systems which maintain crop productivity, minimize reliance on synthetic herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, and promote weed diversity. We hypothesized that cropping system diversification, either at the annual scale through the introduction of cover crops, or at the plurennial scale through a diversification of the crop sequence and associated weed management tools, could be a viable means to reach these objectives. More specifically, we hypothesized that cropping system diversification could (i) contain weed abundance and thereby, allow a reduction of herbicide use and an incr…
Historique de l'utilisation des herbicides en France: premières analyses
2010
A data base on the herbicides used in France since 1961 has been built up from the phytosanitary index annually edited by the Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA). This data base gives the number of active ingredients, associations and commercial products registered every year and for each crop. We also gathered the modes of action, the way of absorption sites and the species susceptibility. Since 1961, 215 molecules have been registered. The number increased regularly with a maximum of 138 in 2002 and only around 100 remain in 2010. The evolution of the number of modes of action available for weed control in wheat is discussed.