Search results for "herpes"
showing 10 items of 307 documents
Infezione da HHV8 e leucemia linfoblastica acuta in età pediatrica
2003
HHV8 è un virus erpetico correlato, sulla base di dati ormai concordi, al sarcoma di Kaposi (KS), al linfoma effusivo primario ed alla Ma- lattia di Castleman multicentrica. Tale virus è stato inoltre associato con altre patologie tumorali ma gli studi in proposito non sono stati confermati. Poco, d’altra parte, si conosce sulle modalità prevalenti di trasmissione del virus, probabilmente diverse nelle nazioni industrializzate ed in quelle in via di sviluppo. In Sicilia una elevata prevalenza del KS clas- sico era già presente in epoca pre-AIDS. Abbiamo condotto uno studio sierologico in immunofluorescenza per rilevare gli anticorpi anti-HHV8 in 40 bambini con leucemia linfoblastica acuta (…
Synthesis of C-17-functionalized spongiane diterpenes: diastereoselective synthesis of (-)-spongian-16-oxo-17-al, (-)-acetyldendrillol-1, and (-)-apl…
2003
The diastereoselective synthesis of spongiane diterpenes (-)-spongian-16-oxo-17-al 2, (-)-acetyldendrillol-1 15, and (-)-aplyroseol-14 16 has been completed efficiently via the common intermediate 14. Compound 14 was prepared in five synthetic steps from (+)-podocarp-8(14)-en-13-one 13, easily available from commercial (-)-abietic acid. The key steps in the syntheses were a regioselective reduction of a 1,4-dialdehyde unit, a one-pot acetalization-acetylation, and a translactonization. The synthesis of 15 and 16 has led us to a revision of the configuration at C-17 for natural (-)-acetyldendrillol-1 and a structural reassignment for aplyroseol-14. Thus, aplyroseol-14 16 presents an unpreced…
Virtual Combinatorial Syntheses and Computational Screening of New Potential Anti-Herpes Compounds
1999
The activity of new anti-HSV-1 chemical structures, designed by virtual combinatorial chemical synthesis and selected by a computational screening, is determined by an in vitro assay. A virtual library of phenol esters and anilides was formed from two databases of building blocks: one with carbonyl fragments and the other containing both substituted phenoxy and phenylamino fragments. The library of virtually assembled compounds was computationally screened, and those compounds which were selected by our mathematical model as active ones were finally synthesized and tested. Our antiviral activity model is a "tandem" of four linear functions of topological graph-theoretical descriptors. A giv…
Pharmacology and safety of tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis.
2020
The use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors is a new approach in the therapy of inflammatory diseases with immune base. Tofacitinib is one of these inhibitors targeting JAK1 and JAK3, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). It is a small synthetic molecule administered orally, with a fast bioavailability and elimination rate, predictable pharmacokinetics and lack of immunogenicity, which are convenient characteristics for both efficacy and safety. This article reviews the pharmacological characteristics of tofacitinib and its safety profile.
Two Antigenic Peptides from Genes m123 and m164 of Murine Cytomegalovirus Quantitatively Dominate CD8 T-Cell Memory in the H-2 d Haplotype
2001
ABSTRACT The importance of CD8 T cells for the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has raised interest in the identification of immunogenic viral proteins as candidates for vaccination and cytoimmunotherapy. The final aim is to determine the viral “immunome” for any major histocompatibility complex class I molecule by antigenicity screening of proteome-derived peptides. For human CMV, there is a limitation to this approach: the T cells used as responder cells for peptide screening are usually memory cells that have undergone in vivo selection. On this basis, pUL83 (pp65) and pUL123 (IE1 or pp68 to -72) were classified as immunodominant proteins. It is an open question whether this li…
Control of murine cytomegalovirus in the lungs: Relative but not absolute immunodominance of the immediate-early 1 nonapeptide during the antiviral c…
1998
Effective control by the immune system is a hallmark of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Accordingly, human CMV disease is a medical problem restricted to the immunologically immature or immunocompromised host (for a review, see reference 21). Murine models have implicated natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells in the control of CMV infection. While NK cells mediate early protection in genetically resistant mouse inbred strains (4, 5, 31, 51), CD8 T cells establish enduring protective memory and function as principal antiviral effectors in susceptible strains (31). Specifically, in the BALB/c strain, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antiviral CD8 T cells resolve …
In vivo impact of cytomegalovirus evasion of CD8 T-cell immunity: Facts and thoughts based on murine models
2010
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) co-exist with their respective host species and have evolved to avoid their elimination by the hosts' immune effector mechanisms and to persist in a non-replicative state, known as viral latency. There is evidence to suggest that latency is nevertheless a highly dynamic condition during which episodes of viral gene desilencing, which can be viewed as incomplete reactivations, cause intermittent antigenic activity that stimulates CD8 memory-effector T cells and drives their clonal expansion. These T cells are supposed to terminate reactivation before completion of the productive viral cycle. In this view, CMVs do not "evade" their respective host's immune response bu…
The Immune Evasion Paradox: Immunoevasins of Murine Cytomegalovirus Enhance Priming of CD8 T Cells by Preventing Negative Feedback Regulation▿
2008
ABSTRACTCytomegaloviruses express glycoproteins that interfere with antigen presentation to CD8 T cells. Although the molecular modes of action of these “immunoevasins” differ between cytomegalovirus species, the convergent biological outcome is an inhibition of the recognition of infected cells. In murine cytomegalovirus, m152/gp40 retains peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in acis-Golgi compartment, m06/gp48 mediates their vesicular sorting for lysosomal degradation, and m04/gp34, although not an immunoevasin in its own right, appears to assist in the concerted action of all three molecules. Using the Ld-restricted IE1 epitope YPHFMPTNL in the BALB/c mouse m…
Virally Infected Mouse Liver Endothelial Cells Trigger CD8+ T-Cell Immunity
2009
Background & Aims Dendritic cell activation through ligation of pattern recognition receptors leading to full functional maturation causes induction of CD8 + T-cell immunity through increased delivery of costimulatory signals instead of tolerance. Here we investigate whether organ-resident antigen-presenting cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), also switch from tolerogenic to immunogenic CD8 + T-cell activation upon such stimulation. Methods Murine LSECs were isolated by immunomagnetic separation and analyzed for functional maturation upon triggering pattern recognition receptors or viral infection employing gene expression analysis and T cell coculture assays. In vivo…
Association of human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 with demyelinating diseases of the nervous system.
2001
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma of 113 patients with neurological disorders and 150 blood donors were analyzed for HHV-6 and HHV-7 sequences by PCR. The prevalence of HHV-6 was significantly higher in patients with multiple sclerosis (P < 0.01) than in cases of nondemyelinating diseases of the central and demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous systems and blood donors. HHV-6 viremia was found only in patients with multiple sclerosis, predominantly in the active phase of the disease. A significantly higher frequency of HHV-7 reactivation in patients with demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system suggests also its association with demyelinating processes.