Search results for "host"
showing 10 items of 1982 documents
Parasite assemblages in the Western whip snakeHierophis viridiflavus carbonarius(Colubridae) from southern Italy
2012
AbstractParasite assemblages of the Western whip snakeHierophis viridiflavus carbonariuswere investigated from the Calabria region in southern Italy. A total of 14 parasite taxa including 6 nematodes, 3 acanthocephalans, 2 cestodes, 2 digeneans and a single pentastomid was identified. Within the study area,H. v. carbonariusserves as the final host for seven species of helminths, of which only four (Hexametra quadricornis,Kalicephalus viperae,Paracapillaria sonsinoiandRenifer aniarum) can be considered as snake specialists, while one (Oswaldocruzia filiformis) is shared with other reptiles and amphibians, and two (Paradistomum mutabileandRhabdias fuscovenosa) with lizards. A large proportion…
Larval distributions of the ectoparasitoid waspEurytoma robustarelative to the host tephritid gall flyUrophora cardui
2003
Parasitism may explain the patchy distributions of host populations. The present paper is a study of larval distributions of the parasitoid Eurytoma robusta in galls of the tephritid gall fly Urophora cardui . It focuses on E. robusta ’s choice of U. cardui gall and whether this changes relative to the rate of parasitism. Oviposition patterns were inferred by direct counts of larvae in galls and genetically, for both species, using indirect relatedness estimates between gall-members. Furthermore, rates of parasitism in four populations were monitored for 4 years. The modal distribution of E. robusta larvae per gall was one and independent of the level of parasitism. The mean number of E. ro…
Effect of the juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb applied via the host on the parasitoid Phanerotoma (Phanerortoma) ocularis Kohl (Hym. Braconidae)
1993
Abstract Concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 μg/ml of fenoxycarb (Ro 13-5223) were applied topically to larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller parasitized by Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) ocularis Kohl. The effect of the treatment and concentration on parasitism rates, preimaginal mortality and emergence rates of the parasitoid were studied comparatively for each larval instar of the host considered. The preimaginal mortality was high when the fenoxycarb was applied on the first larval instar of the host (23–46%) and more higher when applied to the sixth larval instar of the host (40–86%). Consequently, fenoxycarb treatment of the last larval instar of the host produced a reduction…
Effects of Nonschistosome Larval Trematodes on Biomphalaria Snails
2010
This chapter examines the most salient literature on the development of nonschistosome larval digeneans in Biomphalaria spp. (members of the superfamilies Clinostomoidea, Diplostomoidea, Echinostomatoidea, Paramphistomoidea, and Pronocephaloidea). For this purpose, the general biology of the nonschistosome trematode species that use Biomphalaria spp. as intermediate hosts are analyzed. Thereafter, the main features of these parasitic infections are studied with particular emphasis on topics such as the effect of the infections on the snail, the antagonism and/or competition between different digenean species in the snail, the immunology of the infection, and the genomic and proteomic a…
Volatiles in pantellerite magmas: A case study of the Green Tuff Plinian eruption (Island of Pantelleria, Italy)
2013
Abstract The Green Tuff (GT) Plinian eruption, the largest in magnitude at Pantelleria, erupted 3 to 7 km3 DRE of pantellerite magma and a small volume of trachyte. Fifty-nine anorthoclase-hosted melt inclusions from the two basal pumice members were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy in order to assess the pre-eruptive H2O content in the pantellerite melt. Microanalytical methods were used to determine major element, Cl, F and S contents. Melt inclusions and glassy groundmasses have a nearly homogeneous pantelleritic composition (peralkaline index = 1.9-2.2) and variable water contents ranging from 1.4 to as high as 4.2 wt %, i.e. much higher than the 1.4 wt % of earlier published studies. The…
Essential oil of Cyphostemma juttae (Vitaceae): Chemical composition and antitumor mechanism in triple negative breast cancer cells
2019
The genus Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston (Vitaceae) includes about 150 species distrib- uted in eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar. Some species are used in traditional medicine and their biological activities, including antiproliferative effects against cancer cell lines, have been demonstrated. To date no investigations on Cyphostemma essential oils have been carried out. Essential oils, which play important roles in plant defenses have been demonstrated to be active in the treatment of several human diseases and to enhance bioavability of other drugs. The aim of this paper was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter &…
Transmission modes affect the population structure of potato virus Y in potato.
2020
Transmission is a crucial part of a viral life cycle and transmission mode can have an important impact on virus biology. It was demonstrated that transmission mode can influence the virulence and evolution of a virus; however, few empirical data are available to describe the direct underlying changes in virus population structure dynamics within the host. Potato virus Y (PVY) is an RNA virus and one of the most damaging pathogens of potato. It comprises several genetically variable strains that are transmitted between plants via different transmission modes. To investigate how transmission modes affect the within-plant viral population structure, we have used a deep sequencing approach to …
Characterizing the Invasive Tumor Front of Aggressive Uterine Adenocarcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma
2021
The invasive tumor front (the tumor–host interface) is vitally important in malignant cell progression and metastasis. Tumor cell interactions with resident and infiltrating host cells and with the surrounding extracellular matrix and secreted factors ultimately determine the fate of the tumor. Herein we focus on the invasive tumor front, making an in-depth characterization of reticular fiber scaffolding, infiltrating immune cells, gene expression, and epigenetic profiles of classified aggressive primary uterine adenocarcinomas (24 patients) and leiomyosarcomas (11 patients). Sections of formalin-fixed samples before and after microdissection were scanned and studied. Reticular fiber archit…
Distinct Roles for IL-1 Receptor Type I Signaling in Early Versus Established Leishmania major Infections
2006
IL-1alpha/beta released by infected dendritic cells (DC) plays a critical role in the development of protective immunity against Leishmania major. Previous studies demonstrated that treatment of susceptible BALB/c mice with IL-1alpha during T-cell priming (days 1-3 post-infection) induced T helper (Th)1-mediated protection. In contrast, we now demonstrate that prolonged treatment with IL-1alpha (for 3 weeks) worsened disease outcome. To characterize the receptor involved, L. major infections in IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) knockout mice were studied. In C57BL/6 IL-1RI-/- mice, the IL-1alpha-mediated protective effect was abrogated. The course of high-dose infection (2 x 10(5) parasites) in…
Analysing the origins of the strong variability of impact by Tischeria ekebladella, a common mining moth on oak leaves.
2015
Tischeria ekebladella (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) is a common moth with its caterpillar often mining oak leaves, morerarely chestnut leaves. As a rule, the mining impact of the species exhibits strong variations according to locations,inviting to investigate quantitatively the respective contributions of the three main factors that regulate the level of minesdensity within host. As the direct monitoring in the fi eld of these governing factors is very diffi cult (when not virtuallyimpossible), we use a newly designed procedure (“MELBA”) which allows tracing back to these factors indirectly, on thebasis of posterior, easily recorded data (in terms of the histogram of the distribution of t…