Search results for "hypoglycemic"
showing 10 items of 215 documents
Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
2019
BACKGROUND Establishing cardiovascular safety of new therapies for type 2 diabetes is important. Safety data are available for the subcutaneous form of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide but are needed for oral semaglutide. METHODS We assessed cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in an event-driven, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients at high cardiovascular risk (age of ≥50 years with established cardiovascular or chronic kidney disease, or age of ≥60 years with cardiovascular risk factors only). The primary outcome in a time-to-event analysis was the first occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (death fro…
Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
2015
BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular deat…
The Blood–Brain Barrier as a Target in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment
2014
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most frequent causes of death in the young population. Several clinical trials have unsuccessfully focused on direct neuroprotective therapies. Recently immunotherapeutic strategies shifted into focus of translational research in acute CNS diseases. Cross-talk between activated microglia and blood–brain barrier (BBB) could initiate opening of the BBB and subsequent recruitment of systemic immune cells and mediators into the brain. Stabilization of the BBB after TBI could be a promising strategy to limit neuronal inflammation, secondary brain damage and acute neurodegeneration. This review provides an overview on the pathophysiology of TBI and brain…
Experiences of First Insulin-Treated Patients (1922-1923).
2019
Background Historical description of first insulin trials just after its discovery. Areas of uncertainty The review includes first initiatives of insulin treatment. The probability of other trials, not reported to the Insulin Committee of the University of Toronto and conducted in the years 1922 and 1923, is quite low. Data sources (1) Archival Collections, University of Toronto: Insulin Discovery and Early Developments of Insulin (University of Toronto Libraries digital special collection, with a particular section entitled "From a Patient's Point of View" containing letters, patient charts, newspaper clippings, and photographs). (2) Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library: Academy of Medicine Col…
Occurrence of resveratrol and pterostilbene in age-old darakchasava, an ayurvedic medicine from India
2000
'Darakchasava' is a well known Indian herbal preparation of which the main ingredient is Vitis vinifera L. This 'ayurvedic' medicine is prescribed as a cardiotonic and also given for other disorders. HPLC analysis of this age old formulation revealed the presence of polyphenols like resveratrol and pterostilbene. These phenolic compounds are now known as antioxidants, cancer chemopreventive agents, and also known to reduce mortality from coronary heart disease by increasing high density lipoproteins like cholesterol and inhibiting platelet aggregation (Soleas, J.S., Diamandis, E.P., Goldberg, D.M., 1997. Resveratrol: a molecule whose time has come? and gone? Clin. Biochem. 30 (2), 91-113). …
Incretin-Based Therapies Role in COVID-19 Era: Evolving Insights
2020
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led the scientific community to breach new frontiers in the understanding of human physiology and disease pathogenesis. It has been hypothesized that the human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme receptor may be a functional target for the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since DPP4-inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM), there is currently high interest in the possibility that these agents, or incretin-based therapies (IBTs) in general, may be of benefit against the new coronavirus infection. Diabetes is associated with increased COV…
New hypoglycaemic agents selected by molecular topology.
2003
Abstract New compounds showing hypoglycaemic activity have been designed through a computer aided method based on quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular connectivity. After calculation of topological indices for a set of 89 compounds including active and inactive with regards to hypoglycaemic action, linear discriminant analysis was performed so that a useful model to predict such an activity was achieved. Later on, the discriminant model was applied on a huge database so that fourteen compounds were selected as potential new hypoglycaemics. From them, just five were finally selected for experimental test on expected hypoglycaemic activity. Among the selected comp…
Incidence of Diabetes Following Ramipril or Rosiglitazone Withdrawal
2011
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of withdrawing rosiglitazone and ramipril medication on diabetes incidence after closeout of the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The 3,366 DREAM subjects at trial end who had not developed diabetes while taking double-blind study medication were transferred to single-blind placebo for 2 to 3 months before undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test. Glycemic status was analyzed for the trial plus washout period and for the washout period alone. RESULTS Following median (interquartile range) 71 (63–86) days drug withdrawal, overall glycemic status remained modestly improved in t…
Cost analysis of the flash monitoring system (FreeStyle Libre 2) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
2020
IntroductionCompare cost of the interstitial liquid glucose flash monitoring (FM) system (FreeStyle Libre 2) versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Spain.Research design and methodsA model was developed to estimate, with the perspective of the Spanish health system, the annual costs associated with glucose monitoring and hypoglycemic events management in T1DM population, with multiple insulin daily doses (MDI). According to published evidence, rate of severe hypoglycemia (SHE) of 4.90 episodes per patient-year was applied. Reduction of SHE (58.6%) was modeled associated with FM use. Published rates of hospital care (20.2%) and subseq…
An Update on the Current and Emerging Use of Thiazolidinediones for Type 2 Diabetes.
2022
Guidelines have increasingly stressed the concept that adequate glycemic control is required to prevent or decrease the macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PPAR-gamma agonists (“glitazones”) are no longer prioritized due to their effects on heart failure. However, the association between these drugs and innovative therapies could be a valuable tool to attenuate the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Glitazones are used for the treatment of diabetes and associated comorbidities. There is substantial scientific evidence demonstrating the effect of glitazones at a cardiometabolic level, as well as on hematological and neurological pathologies that po…