Search results for "hypothalamic"

Loneliness Mediates the Relationship Between Early Life Stress and Perceived Stress but not Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Functioning

2021

Many authors have proposed that early life stress (ELS) provokes a dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and contributes negatively to the management of stress in adulthood. However, these associations have not always been observed, making it necessary to include new factors that could explain the different results found. In this regard, people with ELS experiences report less social support during adulthood, suggesting that loneliness could be a mediating factor. Thus, our aims were to investigate whether ELS was related to both perceived stress and diurnal HPA axis activity, and whether loneliness mediates these relationships, in a community sample (N=187, 18–55ye…

Acute selective ablation of rat insulin promoter-expressing (RIP HER ) neurons defines their orexigenic nature

2012

Rat insulin promoter (RIP)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus control body weight and energy homeostasis. However, genetic approaches to study the role of these neurons have been limited by the fact that RIP expression is predominantly found in pancreatic β-cells, which impedes selective targeting of neurons. To define the function of hypothalamic RIP-expressing neurons, we set out to acutely and selectively eliminate them via diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation. Therefore, the diphtheria toxin receptor transgene was specifically expressed upon RIP-specific Cre recombination using a RIP-Cre line first described by Herrera (RIP HER -Cre) [Herrera PL (2000) Development 127:2317–2322]. Usi…

Longitudinal Study on Growth and Body Mass Index before and after Diagnosis of Childhood Craniopharyngioma

2004

Abstract We analyzed whether childhood craniopharyngioma predisposes to obesity and growth impairment. Height/length, body mass index (BMI), and hypothalamic involvement were evaluated in 90 patients at standardized ages and time points before, after, and at the time of diagnosis. Relevant decreases in height sd score (SDS) started at 10–12 months of age and persisted until diagnosis of childhood craniopharyngioma. Relevant increases in BMI SDS were detectable between 4 and 5 yr of age. Postoperative BMI SDS (yr 1–6) had a weak positive correlation with BMI SDS at the time of diagnosis. In linear regression analysis, hypothalamic tumor involvement (P < 0.001), ponderal index at birth…

Effects of Sulpiride Treatment on the Hypothalamic Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei

2009

The hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system in developing rats

2009

Studies concerning the development of the magnocellular system are scarce and discordant in literature. We carried out an immunohistochemical study on supraotic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei using antivasopressin and antioxytocin antibodies in developing rats between the 15th day of intrauterine life and the 6th day of postnatal life. In addition, we performed RT-PCR experiments to establish the stage at which these hormones appear and neurosecretory activity commences. The results showed that supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei appear, respectively, on the 16th and the 18th day of intrauterine life and both immediately synthetize vasopressin neurohormone. By contrast, synthesis…

Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion during development of the rat supraoptic nucleus

2009

Since a relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide and oxytocin was recently demonstrated in the heart (Gutkowska et al., 1997), the aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship between the two peptides is present also in the rat hypothalamus. For this purpose, we measured ANP-ontogeny in the rat hypothalamus immunohistochemically and compared it with oxytocin-ontogeny which we previously studied. The results showed that the ANP-peptide and mRNA-ANP start at the 18th day of the fetal life. Our earlier data for oxytocin in the rat hypothalamus showed that only mRNA-oxytocin appeared the 18th day of foetal life (Farina Lipari et al., 2001); thus, at the 18th day of foetal li…

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and cognitive function in healthy older people: genetic, situational and individual factors

2019

The world population is getting older, and this age group faces important health challenges, among which age-related cognitive decline stands out. Therefore, it is important to identify vulnerability and protective health factors in order to understand ways to prevent cognitive decline. This thesis aimed to address the relationship between the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis and cognitive functioning during aging, taking into account genetic (Apolipoprotein E, ApoE, polymorphism), situational (loneliness), and individual factors (personality traits). To do this, a group of healthy older people over 55 years of age, men and women, were evaluated. A neuropsychological battery was ad…

Loneliness in adult people: its relationships with stress, health and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning

2022

El sentiment de solitud és un dels principals problemes de les societats occidentals. En els últims anys els avanços en internet ens han portat a ser una societat més connectada que mai, a pesar d’açò, aquest sentiment s’està incrementant. Per sobreviure i prosperar, els éssers humans necessitem dels altres per satisfer les necessitats d’afecte, pertinença i reconeixement. D’aquesta manera, la solitud sorgeix de la discrepància entre les relacions íntimes i socials desitjades i les reals. La investigació indica que la solitud està relacionada amb l’estrès i amb diverses conseqüències en la salut tant física com psicològica. Aquesta es pot experimentar al llarg de la vida, encara que és més …