Search results for "iNOS"

The Efflux Pump MexXY/OprM Contributes to the Tolerance and Acquired Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Colistin

2020

The intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymyxins in part relies on the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (Ara4N) molecules to the lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), through induction of operon arnBCADTEF-ugd (arn) expression. As demonstrated previously, at least three two-component regulatory systems (PmrAB, ParRS, and CprRS) are able to upregulate this operon when bacteria are exposed to colistin. In the present study, gene deletion experiments with the bioluminescent strain PAO1::lux showed that ParRS is a key element in the tolerance of P. aeruginosa to this last-resort antibiotic (i.e., resistance to early drug killing). Other loci of the ParR regulon, such as th…

Pancreatic islets from non-heart beating donor pig: Two-layer preservation method in an in vitro porcine model

2011

Purpose Pancreata from non-heart beating donors could represent an unlimited source of islets if their cell viability can be efficiently preserved during the time necessary to process the organs by the use of a better solution of preservation compared to the classic University of Wisconsin solution. The aim of this study was to determine whether it is possible to obtain functioning “alive islets” from non-heart-beating donors by comparing, on a porcine model, the classic “UW ice-store” method with a two-layer cold storage method (TLM) using oxygenated Perfluorocarbons (PFC) and UW. Methods Whole pancreata were harvested from 20 NHBDs female pigs with similar characteristics and preserved fo…

Ischemic type biliary lesions in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) preserved liver grafts.

2006

Ischemic type biliary lesions lead to considerable morbidity following orthotopic liver transplantation. The exact pathogenesis is unknown. One major hypothesis is that insufficient perfusion of the arterial vessels of the biliary tree, especially under perfusion with the high viscous University of Wisconsin solution, might be responsible for ischemic type biliary lesions. Due to low viscosity, HTK solution is reported to have a lower incidence of biliary complications. However, there is no data concerning ischemic type biliary lesions in HTK preserved livers. In this paper we report our results after orthotopic liver transplantation with special regard to ischemic type biliary lesions in …

Protracted juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

1993

Current Concepts in Therapy of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis

2004

The exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) still to a large extent remain obscure. However, recently there has been some progress in elucidating the etiology of nasal polyposis, especially regarding tissue eosinophilia as well as the role of aspirin intolerance and eicosanoid mediators. Endonasal sinus surgery has evolved to be the treatment of choice in CRS and nasal polyposis in all cases where conservative treatment has failed or resulted in only a partial or temporary relief. Today, state of the art in surgical technique includes the ability to combine microscopic and endoscopic procedures. Regardless of technical advances like powered instrumentatio…

Ascorbic Acid in Postoperative Intensive Care Patients - Biochemical Aspects and Clinical Experience

2009

The transport mechanisms of ascorbic acid (AA) are described. The metabolism of AA and its function as an antioxidant are covered in some detail. Subsequently, indications for postoperative substitution are discussed. The supplementation of up to 300 mg of AA per day in postoperative intensive care unit patients during par-/enteral nutrition is recommended to prevent hypovitaminosis. It is not clear if this is the optimal dosage of AA in postoperative/-trauma patients. New aspects for an AA substitution are discussed.

Dementia in the Neuronal Ceroidlipofuscinoses

2001

Dementia is defined as a decline in cognitive abilities such as impairment of memory, reasoning, behaviour, attention, motivation and effectiveness. The term usually implies that normal mature mental capability was achieved before, and it is therefore mostly ascribed to adult patients.

Amphiregulin activates human hepatic stellate cells and is upregulated in non alcoholic steatohepatitis

2015

AbstractAmphiregulin (AR) involvement in liver fibrogenesis and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) regulation is under study. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Our aim was to investigate ex vivo the effect of AR on human primary HSC (hHSC) and verify in vivo the relevance of AR in NAFLD fibrogenesis. hHSC isolated from healthy liver segments were analyzed for expression of AR and its activator, TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). AR induction of hHSC proliferation and matrix production was estimated in the presence of antagonists. AR involvement in fibrogenesis was also ass…

Pathophysiological Aspects of Glucose Uptake by the Tumor Tissue under Various Conditions of Oxygen and Glucose Supply

1976

Earlier examinations of the glucose uptake in neoplastic tissue by isolated DS- Carcinosarcoma implanted into the rat kidney had the results as follows (VAUPEL, 1974): 1. An increase of the tumor mass from 3 to 13 g wet weight caused an exponential decrease of the glucose consumption by the tumor tissue from 44.4 to 6.7/umoles per 100 g/min; very young tumors of 3 – 4 g bad uptake rates from 27.8 to 44.4/umoles/100 g/min. 2. Simultaneous measurements of the mean actual glucose concentrations in the tumor tissue showed that in the very young tumors the concentration still ranged from 1.75 to 2.25/umoles/g wet weight, whereas those in old tumors drop as low as 0 to 0.17/umoles/g.

Role of IP3 Receptors in Shaping the Carotid Chemoreceptor Response to Hypoxia But Not to Hypercapnia in the Rat Carotid Body: An Evidence Review

2020

This article addresses the disparity in the transduction pathways for hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli in carotid body glomus cells. We investigated and reviewed the experimental evidence showing that the response to hypoxia, but not to hypercapnia, is mediated by 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3R/s) regulating the intracellular calcium content [Ca2+]c in glomus cells. The rationale was based on the past observations that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation leads to the explicit inhibition of the hypoxic chemoreflex. [Ca2+]c changes were measured using cellular Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent probes, and carotid sinus nerve (CSN) sensory discharge was recorded with bipolar electrode…