Search results for "indicator"

Functional classifications and their application in phytoplankton ecology

2015

SUMMARY 1. Ecologists often group organisms based on similar biological traits or on taxonomic criteria. However, the use of taxonomy in ecology has many drawbacks because taxa may include species with very different ecological adaptations. Further, similar characters may evolve independently in different lineages. 2. In this review, we examine the main criteria that have been used in the identification of nine modes of classifying phytoplankton non-taxonomically. These approaches are based purely on morphological and/or structural traits, or on more complex combinations including physiological and ecological features. 3. Different functional approaches have proved able to explain some frac…

Bases de données internationales sur la qualité de l'éducation (1964/2005)

2006

06032; Dans ce travail de recherche, nous utilisons une méthode qui nous permet d'obtenir des indicateursqualitatifs du capital humain (IQCH), pour 105 pays, et pour chaque domaine de compétence(mathématiques, sciences, lecture) mesuré à travers l'ensemble des enquêtes internationalesd'acquis des élèves. Cette méthode repose sur la possibilité d'un re-calibrage des résultats d'uneenquête par rapport à une autre en ancrant les résultats sur les pays qui ont participé à au moinsdeux enquêtes différentes. Elle nous permet de construire des indicateurs de qualité du capitalhumain comparables pour plus grand nombre de pays comparé à ce qui est actuellement disponibledans la littérature. Nous obt…

Akciju tirgus ietekme uz ekonomiku. Specifika un attīstības tendencies.

2021

Promocijas darbā tiek pētīta akciju tirgus ietekme uz ekonomiku S & P 500 indeksa piemērā un makroekonomiskie rādītāji ar pētījumu jautājumu par to, vai akciju tirgu var uztvert kā vienu no vadošajiem ekonomikas barometriem. Teorija novēroja pieejamo literatūru par akciju tirgus darbību, tās līdzīgo attīstību un ekonomiskajiem cikliem, iepriekšējo pētījumu analīzi par akciju tirgus un makroekonomisko rādītāju attiecībām. Analītiskā daļa palīdzēja apkopot ceturkšņa datus starp 2014. -2019. Lai gan empīriskā daļa noslēdz pētījumu ar statistiskiem aprēķiniem. Tādējādi savukārt reālais iekšzemes kopprodukts (IKP) un patēriņa cenu indekss (PCI) ir spēcīgākie pozitīvi korelētie un statistiski noz…

Valsts ekonomiskās drošības indikatoru prognozēšanas matemātiskais modelis

2006

Eco-sustainable energy and environmental strategies in design for recycling: the software “ENDLESS”

2003

Abstract This paper describes a model, named “ENDLESS”, useful to address the design process towards more eco-compatible solutions. In particular, this tool can support the designer in the choice of the product with an higher recyclability potential from a set of different alternatives. The model takes into consideration a Multi-Attribute Decision-Making method and allows calculating a “Global Recycling Index” (GRI) starting from a set of energy, environmental, technical and economic indicators. A weight is assigned to each parameter following the experience of the designer; a sensitivity analysis is then performed to state how the different assumptions can affect the final results. The mod…

Metal- and reagent-free highly selective anodic cross-coupling reaction of phenols.

2014

The direct oxidative cross-coupling of phenols is a very challenging transformation, as homo-coupling is usually strongly preferred. Electrochemical methods circumvent the use of oxidizing reagents or metal catalysts and are therefore highly attractive. Employing electrolytes with a high capacity for hydrogen bonding, such as methanol with formic acid or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, a direct electrolysis in an undivided cell provides mixed 2,2′-biphenols with high selectivity. This mild method tolerates a variety of moieties, for example, tert-butyl groups, which are not compatible with other strong electrophilic media but vital for later catalytic applications of the formed products.

Spark ignition feedback control by means of combustion phase indicators on steady and transient operation

2014

In order to reduce fuel cost and CO2 emissions, modern spark ignition (SI) engines need to lower as much as possible fuel consumption. A crucial factor for efficiency improvement is represented by the combustion phase, which in an SI engine is controlled acting on the spark advance. This fundamental engine parameter is currently controlled in an open-loop by means of maps stored in the electronic control unit (ECU) memory: such kind of control, however, does not allow running the engine always at its best performance, since optimal combustion phase depends on many variables, like ambient conditions, fuel quality, engine aging, and wear, etc. A better choice would be represented by a closed-…

Ecological Indicator Values of Europe (EIVE) 1.0: A Powerful Open-Access Tool for Vegetation Scientists

2016

International audience; Background: Ecological indicator values (EIVs) have a long tradition in vegetation ecological research in Europe. EIVs characterise the ecological optimum of species along major environmental gradients using ordinal scales. Calculating mean indicator values per plot is an effective way of bioindication. Following first systems in Russia and Central Europe, about two dozen EIV systems have been published for various parts of Europe.Aims: As there was no EIV system available at European scale that could be used for broad- scale analyses, e.g. in the context of the European Vegetation Archive (EVA), we develop such a system for the first time for the vascular plants of …

In Vitro Dialyzability of Zinc from Different Salts Used in the Supplementation of Infant Formulas

1999

Seven zinc salts--acetate, chloride, lactate, sulfate, citrate, gluconate, and oxide--were added to milk--and soy-based infant formulas to estimate possible differences in zinc availability depending on the type of salt used. For this purpose, an in vitro method that estimates the dialyzability of the element (i.e., the fraction available for absorption) was applied. Zinc dialyzability is always higher in milk-based products than in soy products, even when the total zinc contents are higher in the latter. The salts can be classified according to the zinc dialyzability in the two types of formulas as follows: oxidegluconate = chloride = lactatecitrate = acetatesulfate. Therefore, according t…

Towards the observation of Territorial Energy Systems : a geographical design approach for energy territorialisation

2014

Having an effect on a system calls for a thorough knowledge of it. The main goal of this research is toprovide a general framework for the interpretation of geographic information, as well as a methodologicalframework to understand the interrelations between territory and energy in the context of a territorialobservatory. A literature review of energy planning on the one hand and spatial planning on the other revealssimilar developments in the two fields, in particular in terms of decentralisation and environmental concerns.The change of geographical scale chosen for the analysis brings new possibilities for public intervention. Inthis context, therefore, local authorities have a key role t…