Search results for "individualism."
showing 10 items of 136 documents
The Impact of CEO Long-Term Equity-Based Compensation Incentives on Economic Growth in Collectivist Versus Individualist Countries
2015
This study examines the impact of the prevalence of long-term equity-based CEO compensation incentives on GDP growth, and we address the moderating role of individualist versus collectivist cultures on this relationship. We argue long-term incentives given to CEOs in some firms may convey to other CEOs that they too may be able to receive such incentives and rewards if they emulate the incentivized and rewarded CEOs. In a longitudinal study across twenty-two nations over a five-year period, we find that when a higher proportion of CEOs in a country are awarded long-term equity-based incentive compensation, the greater future real GDP growth, particularly in collectivist countries.
Rational Choice Theory and the Environment: Variants, Applications, and New Trends
2010
Rational choice theory (RCT) is a research paradigm based on methodological individualism. Collective phenomena are explained by assumptions about the behavior of (subjectively) rational individual or corporate actors. In environmental research, RCT is used to predict ecological perceptions, attitudes and behavior on the micro level, and to shed light on environmental outcomes on the macro level. The most fundamental insight from RCT is that environmental problems are often the result of a social dilemma, that is, individuals’ purposive action leads to unintended negative collective consequences. This chapter addresses variants of RCT including game theory, shows applications in the field o…
Associations between travel and tourism competitiveness and culture
2020
Abstract In recent years, countries have been competing with each other to attract tourists due to of the unprecedented growth in new tourism destinations. Consequently, these countries have been taking several initiatives to improve the competitiveness of their destinations in comparison to those of other countries. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult for destinations to become the most popular and preferred choice among tourists. Previous literature has highlighted the need for examining the association between the culture of a particular destination and their competitiveness with respect to tourism. Little is known, however, about these associations at the present time. This s…
Analyzing the Impact of Culture on Average Time Spent on Social Networking Sites
2014
The study examines the influence of national culture on national averages of time spent (ATS) visiting the largest social networking sites (SNSs): Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. The analysis uses cultural dimensions adopted from both the works of Hofstede and Schwartz, while controlling for country e-readiness and median population age. The findings suggest that culture's influence may be moderated by the media richness and type of network focus of each SNS. Overall, in rich-media SNSs, egalitarianism positively impacts ATS. Individualism and masculinity only impact ATS on friendship-oriented SNSs. Additionally, uncertainty avoidance and intellectual autonomy only impact ATS on profession…
On congruence between brand and human personalities
2010
PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to uncover the relations between brand and human personality by identifying brand preferences of consumers with different personality types.Design/methodology/approachBased on the existing literature, 15 propositions are suggested linking Ekelund's DI types as parsimonious proxies of human personality and brand personality dimensions as suggested by Aaker. Propositions were tested through statistical analysis of survey data collected in two stages.FindingsIt was found that consumers prefer brands with personalities that match their own. For example, consumers with Blue DI type exhibit clear aversion from the excitement dimension of brand personal…
Apoteosis ideológica / 3
2004
La corrupción y la 'transición intransitiva'
2009
Fútbol y mundialización
2002
Współczesne związki intymne w sieci przeszkód i sprzeczności
2020
W artykule przyglądam się przeszkodom i sprzecznościom, które wynikają ze zmienności naszej rzeczywistości i z jednej strony są charakterystyczne dla czasów, w których żyjemy – dlatego są nieredukowalne – a z drugiej utrudniają lub nawet uniemożliwiają ludziom tworzenie satysfakcjonujących związków intymnych. Traktowane jako opresyjne i niesprawiedliwe nierówności w związku, konieczność kompromisu przy dominacji różnych odmian indywidualizmu i koncentracji na „ja” czy negocjacyjny charakter relacji komplikują budowanie szczęśliwych związków oraz tak ważną w nich intymności.
The Relativity of Knowledge
2020
The three central themes of epistemological relativism are the relativity of truth, knowledge and reality. In the previous chapter, I demonstrated how the relativity of truth could be given a well-founded formulation by setting truth claims in relation to context and points of view—without renouncing the concept of an objective truth. In this chapter, I will examine the relativity of knowledge in regard to justifying it. The traditional theory of knowledge is individualistic, while viewpoint relativism leads to communal epistemology, where knowing is always in relation to a community. I will begin my analysis from the classical concept of knowledge, which can be considered the basic definit…