Search results for "induction"
showing 10 items of 769 documents
Uterine Receptivity and the Ramifications of Ovarian Stimulation on Endometrial Function
2007
Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is widely used in assisted reproduction techniques (ART). However, hormonal treatment induces endometrial alterations that may alter implantation rates compared with natural cycles. Endometrial alterations have been observed by histological and biochemical techniques. The recent developments in functional genomics have provided objective tools to analyze the endometrium in natural cycles and evaluate the impact of COS protocols in endometrial development. This article describes the fundamental aspects of endometrial receptivity in natural cycles and reports how COS affects the morphology, biochemistry, and the genomic pattern of the endometrium.
Expression of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in experimentally denervated and reinnervated skeletal muscle.
1997
Denervated muscle fibers express enhanced levels of stress and apoptosis-associated proteins and undergo apoptosis. In experimentally denervated and reinnervated rat facial muscle, we now evaluate changes in the expression patterns of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-generating nitric oxide (NO), which mediates oxidative stress and apoptosis. Physiological expression of NOS corresponds to a constant sarcolemmal staining pattern for neuronal NOS (nNOS) and a patchy sarcolemmal and weak sarcoplasmic labeling for the endothelial NOS-isoform, with no expression for inducible NOS (iNOS). Denervated muscle displayed distinct downregulation of nNOS with preserved expression of dys…
Distinct subsets of regulatory T cells during pregnancy: is the imbalance of these subsets involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia?
2008
Abstract Regulatory T cells (CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + -Treg cells) are important regulators of tolerance induction during pregnancy. We now found that the number of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + -Treg cells decreases during normal course of pregnancy and even more so in women affected by preeclampsia. The functional activity of these CD4 + CD25 + -Treg cells was significantly reduced in comparison to those of healthy pregnants. Further analysis revealed two Treg subsets that differed with regard to the FoxP3 and CD25 expression. The percentage of both, CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 high+ -Treg and CD4 + CD25 high+ FoxP3 + , was maximal in the first and second trimenon, but declined severely in the third trimenon. …
Use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs in inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical practice guidelines of the Italian Group for the Study of …
2017
Abstract The two main forms of intestinal bowel disease, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are not curable but can be controlled by various medical therapies. The Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) has prepared clinical practice guidelines to help physicians prescribe corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs for these patients. The guidelines consider therapies that induce remission in patients with active disease as well as treatment regimens that maintain remission. These guidelines complement already existing guidelines from IG-IBD on the use of biological drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
The Presence of Gestational Diabetes is Associated with Increased Detection of Anti-HLA-class II Antibodies in the Maternal Circulation
2006
Problem Gestational diabetes (GD) may be associated with temporarily reduced immune tolerance toward alloantigens for the time of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess anti-HLA-class I and -II antibodies as markers for an aberrant immunostimulation in women with GD. Method of study The percentage of anti-HLA-class I and -II antibodies was estimated in women with GD, normal term delivery and fetal distress, which was confirmed by demonstrating low cord blood pH for this patient group. These antibodies may cross the placental barrier and cause interleukin-6 (IL-6) release from fetal monocytes by cross-linking monocytes with antibody-loaded cells. Therefore we estimated the percentage…
Small for gestational age (SGA) neonates show reduced suppressive activity of their regulatory T cells
2009
Little information exists concerning the role of fetal regulatory T cells (Tregs) during intrauterine development. We examined whether complications such as reduced birth weight or the occurrence of preterm labor were associated with deficiencies in the number or in the immunosuppressive activity of Tregs in the fetal circulation. Their total number did not change during normal or complicated pregnancy. In contrast, their level of FoxP3 expression decreased continuously with gestational age and was significantly reduced in the presence of spontaneous term, but not preterm labor. In small for gestational age (SGA) neonates, FoxP3 expression was constantly decreased when compared to age match…
Clinical implications of mucosal healing in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
2013
AbstractThe natural history of Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis is characterized by repeated episodes of inflammation and ulceration of the bowel. This results in complications implying a worse quality of life and significant healthcare costs, due to hospitalization, surgery and an escalation of therapy.The main goal of the therapy in inflammatory bowel disease is to achieve and maintain disease remission, with an improved health-related quality of life, less hospitalization, and less surgery. The concept of remission has changed in the recent years. In fact the concept of clinical remission, where only the patients’ symptoms are in remission, has been replaced by the new concept of d…
Intraperitoneal injection of tetracyclines protects mice from lethal endotoxemia downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase in various organs and…
1997
We have tested whether tetracyclines (TETs) are able to protect mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock, a cytokine-mediated inflammatory reaction. Mice, injected with a single dose of tetracycline base (TETb; 1.5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight) or doxycycline (DOXY; 1.5 mg/kg), were significantly protected from a lethal intraperitoneal injection of LPS (500 micrograms per mouse). TETs acted in early events triggered in response to LSP; in fact, they were no longer significantly protective if injected more than 1 h after the injection of endotoxin. LPS-treated mice protected by TETs showed a significant inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL…
Weaning induces NOS-2 expression through NF-κB modulation in the lactating mammary gland: importance of GSH
2005
Zaragozá, R; Miralles, VJ; Rus, AD; García, C; Carmena, R; García-Trevijano, ER; Barber, T; Pallardó, FV; Torres, L; Viña, JR. At the end of lactation the mammary gland undergoes involution, a process characterized by apoptosis of secretory cells and tissue remodelling. To gain insight into this process, we analysed the gene expression profile by oligonucleotide microarrays during lactation and after forced weaning. Up-regulation of inflammatory mediators and acute-phase response genes during weaning was found. Expression of IκBα (inhibitory κBα), a protein known to modulate NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) nuclear translocation, was significantly up-regulated. On the other hand, there was a time-…
Efficacy and Safety of Using High-Flow Nasal Oxygenation in Patients Undergoing Rapid Sequence Intubation
2017
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy in patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation (RSI) for emergency abdominal surgery. Methods HFNO of 60 L.min-1 at an inspiratory oxygen fraction of 1 was delivered 4 min before laryngoscopy and maintained until the patient was intubated, and correct intubation was verified by the appearance of the end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) waveform. Transcutaneous oxygenation (SpO2), heart rate and non-invasive mean arterial pressure were monitored at baseline (T0), after 4 min on HFNO (T1) and at the time of laryngoscopy (T2) and endotracheal intubation (ETI) (T3). An SpO2 of <3% from baseline was recorded at any sampled t…