Search results for "inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
Inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking shields the brain against deleterious neuroinflammation after stroke
2011
T lymphocytes are increasingly recognized as key modulators of detrimental inflammatory cascades in acute ischaemic stroke, but the potential of T cell-targeted therapy in brain ischaemia is largely unexplored. Here, we characterize the effect of inhibiting leukocyte very late antigen-4 and endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-mediated brain invasion-currently the most effective strategy in primary neuroinflammatory brain disease in murine ischaemic stroke models. Very late antigen-4 blockade by monoclonal antibodies improved outcome in models of moderate stroke lesions by inhibiting cerebral leukocyte invasion and neurotoxic cytokine production without increasing the susceptibilit…
Aircraft noise exposure drives the activation of white blood cells and induces microvascular dysfunction in mice
2021
Epidemiological studies showed that traffic noise has a dose-dependent association with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether microvascular dysfunction contributes significantly to the cardiovascular health effects by noise exposure remains to be established. The connection of inflammation and immune cell interaction with microvascular damage and functional impairment is also not well characterized. Male C57BL/6J mice or gp91phox−/y mice with genetic deletion of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit (gp91phox or NOX-2) were used at the age of 8 weeks, randomly instrumented with dorsal skinfold chambers and exposed or not exposed to aircraft noise for 4 days. Pro…
Airway inflammation in patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
2004
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been shown to be associated to upper airway inflammation. The object of the present study was to establish the presence of bronchial inflammation in OSAS subjects. In 16 subjects affected by OSAS, and in 14 healthy volunteers, airway inflammation was detected by the cellular analysis of the induced sputum. OSAS patients, as compared to control subjects, showed a higher percentage of neutrophils (66.7+/-18.9 vs. 25.8+/-15.6) (P<0.001) and a lower percentage of macrophages (29.4+/-18.4 vs. 70.8+/-15.3) (P<0.001). The percentage of eosinophils and lymphocytes were not significantly different in the two groups. OSAS subjects show bronchial inflammatio…
Pre-treatment with mesenchymal stem cells reduces ventilator-induced lung injury
2012
ckground information: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce acute lung injury in animals challenged by bleomycin or bacterial lipopolysaccaride. It is not known, however, whether MSCs protect from ventilator- induced lung injury (VILI). Question of the study: Whether MSCs have a potential role in preventing or modulating VILI in healthy rats subjected to high-volume ventilation. Materials and methods: 24 Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were subjected to high- volume mechanical ventilation (25 ml/kg). MSCs (5x106) were intravenously or intratracheally administered (N=8 each) 30 min before starting over-ventilation and 8 rats were MSC-untreated. Spontaneously breathing anes…
Aprotinin inhibits leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions after hemorrhage and reperfusion
2003
Background. The serine protease inhibitor aprotinin has been successfully used to reduce blood loss in patients undergoing cardiac operations. We studied aprotinin for its ability to modulate leukocyte– endothelial cell interactions after ischemia and reperfusion. Methods. The effects of aprotinin on leukocyte– endothelial cell interactions were observed by intravital microscopy in the rat mesenteric microcirculation and immunohistochemical analysis. The inflammatory cascade (leukocyte rolling, firm adherence, and transmigration) was studied after thrombin stimulation and after hemorrhage and reperfusion. Results. Intravenous bolus administration of aprotinin treatment (20,000 U/kg) signifi…
Effect of Haemodynamic Changes on Epithelium-related Intestinal Injury in Off-pump Coronary Surgery
2014
Intestinal injury is thought to play a central role in the occurrence of multiorgan dysfunction after on-pump coronary surgery. Clinical benefits of off-pump revascularisation remain, however, controversial.Hepatic enzymes and plasmatic IL-6, IL-8 and intestinal-type fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were determined in 20 patients (age 65-75) undergoing either on-pump (n = 10) or off-pump (n = 10) coronary surgery. Haemodynamic and biochemical parameters, catecholamine and volume therapy were monitored.Central venous pressure (CVP) was significantly higher in the off-pump group during and 12h after operation (9.5 ± 1.35 vs. 6.21 ± 0.63 mmH2O, p = 0.012). Higher GGT and GLDH levels occurre…
Adipose tissue in obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea
2011
A European Respiratory Society research seminar on ‘‘Metabolic alterations in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)’’ was jointly organised in October 2009 together with two EU COST actions (Cardiovascular risk in the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, action B26, and Adipose tissue and the metabolic syndrome, action BM0602) in order to discuss the interactions between obesity and OSA. Such interactions can be particularly significant in the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities and in increased cardiovascular risk in OSA patients. However, studying the respective role of OSA and obesity is difficult in patients, making it necessary to refer to animal models or in vitro systems. Since most OSA p…
Patterns of Inflammatory Responses in Large and Small Airways in Smokers with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2010
<i>Background:</i> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive and irreversible airway obstruction. Smoking causes persistent inflammation in lung tissue. However, differences in inflammatory responses between the large and small airways have not been systematically explored among smokers with and without COPD. <i>Objectives:</i> The aim of our research was to characterise the expression and localisation of NF-ĸBp65 and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) as well as inflammatory cell (macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils) distribution in large and small airways, in nonsmokers and in smokers with and without COPD. <i>Methods:</i>…
In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of AZD8999, a novel bifunctional muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist /β2-adrenoceptor agonist (MABA) comp…
2019
Recent evidence indicates that AZD8999 (LAS190792), a novel muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist and β2-adrenoceptor agonist (MABA) in development for chronic respiratory diseases, induces potent and sustained relaxant effects in human bronchi by adressing both muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and β2-adrenoceptor. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of the AZD8999 monotherapy or in combination with corticosteroids are unknown. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of AZD8999 in monotherapy and combined with fluticasone propionate in neutrophils from healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy and C…
Mechanical strain causes adaptive change in bronchial fibroblasts enhancing profibrotic and inflammatory responses
2016
Asthma is characterized by periodic episodes of bronchoconstriction and reversible airway obstruction; these symptoms are attributable to a number of factors including increased mass and reactivity of bronchial smooth muscle and extracellular matrix (ECM) in asthmatic airways. Literature has suggested changes in cell responses and signaling can be elicited via modulation of mechanical stress acting upon them, potentially affecting the microenvironment of the cell. In this study, we hypothesized that mechanical strain directly affects the (myo)fibroblast phenotype in asthma. Therefore, we characterized responses of bronchial fibroblasts, from 6 normal and 11 asthmatic non-smoking volunteers,…