Search results for "inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
Type 1 diabetic mellitus patients with increased atherosclerosis risk display decreased CDKN2A/2B/2BAS gene expression in leukocytes
2019
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients display increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are characterized by a diminished regulatory T (Treg) cell content or function. Previous studies have shown an association between decreased CDKN2A/2B/2BAS gene expression and enhanced CVD. In the present study the potential relationship between CDKN2A/2B/2BAS gene expression, immune cell dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in T1DM patients was explored. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 90 subjects divided into controls and T1DM patients. Circulating leukocyte subpopulations analysis by flow cytometry, expression studies on peripheral blood mononuclear cel…
Health benefits of pistachios consumption
2017
The health benefits of nuts, mainly in relation to the improvement of dysmetabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular diseases, have been widely demonstrated. Compared to other nuts, pistachios have a lower fat and caloric content, and contain the highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids, potassium, γ-tocopherol, phytosterols and xanthophyll carotenoids, all substances that are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This variety of nutrients contributes to the growing body of evidence that the consumption of pistachios improves health, leading to a greater potential of healthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activi…
Influence of dietary fat and carbohydrates proportions on plasma lipids, glucose control and low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes—…
2015
Purpose: The optimal macronutrient composition of the diet for the management of type 2 diabetes is debated, particularly with regard to the ideal proportion of fat and carbohydrates. The aim of the study was to explore the association of different proportions of fat and carbohydrates of the diet—within the ranges recommended by different guidelines—with metabolic risk factors. Methods: We studied 1785 people with type 2 diabetes, aged 50–75, enrolled in the TOSCA.IT Study. Dietary habits were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (EPIC). Anthropometry, fasting lipids, HbA1c and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Results: Increasing fat intake from <25 to ≥35 % is …
Chronic exposure of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces an obesogenic effect in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet
2017
IF 3.582; International audience; Contaminant involvement in the pathophysiology of obesity is widely recognized. It has been shown that low dose and chronic exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) potentiated diet- induced obesity. High and acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and an EDC with anti-estrogenic property, causes wasting syndrome . However at lower doses, the TCDD metabolic effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the obesogenic effect during chronic exposure of TCDD at 1μg/kg body weight (bw)/week in adult C57BL/6J mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD) and exposed from 10 to 42 weeks old to TCDD or e…
Bile acid receptor TGR5 is critically involved in preference for dietary lipids and obesity
2020
International audience; We investigated the implication of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in fat preference and fat sensing in taste bud cells (TBC) in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TGR5 knock out (TGR5-/-) male mice maintained for 20 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD). We also assessed the implication of TGR5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in young obese humans. The high-fat diet (HFD)-fed TGR5-/- mice were more obese, marked with higher liver weight, lipidemia and steatosis than WT obese mice. The TGR5-/- obese mice exhibited high daily food/energy intake, fat mass and inflammatory status. WT obese mice lost the preference for dietary fat, but the TGR5-/- obese mice exhibited n…
Lipopolysaccharides-mediated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: involvement of the GLP-1 pathway.
2013
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cell wall of gram–negative bacteria trigger inflammation, which is associated with marked changes in glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia is frequently observed during bacterial infection and it is a marker of a poor clinical outcome in critically ill patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of an acute injection or continuous infusion of LPS on experimentally induced hyperglycemia in wild-type and genetically engineered mice. The acute injection of a single dose of LPS produced an increase in glucose disposal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Continuous infusion of LPS through mini-osmotic pumps was also associated wi…
Does Glycemic Control Modulate the Impairment of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Type 2 Diabetes?
2019
Since mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) activation in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which can eventually lead to an impaired immune response, we set out to determine if glycemic control modulates the effects of T2D on the NLRP3 inflammasome. We have studied leukocytes from 61 diabetic patients [25 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 7% and 36 with HbA(1c) 8%] and 40 healthy controls. Total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was enhanced in T2D patients, and mitochondrial ROS was more pronounced in those with poor glycemic control. Levels of gene and protein expression of NLRP3 were decreased in both diabetic groups and mo…
Antioxidant treatment for impaired hypoxic ventilatory responses in experimental diabetes in the rat
2018
Inflammation, tissue hypoxia, and impaired hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) are the intricately entwined features of diabetes which perpetuate the disease and its sequelae. Hyperglycemia, notably, is an oxygen consuming process due to enhanced cellular metabolism. Oxidative stress underlies diabetic pathogenesis and also is a crucial modulator of the hypoxic chemoreflex. The present study seeks to determine if suppressed ventilation in diabetes could be improved by antioxidant treatment. The study was performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in awake rats. Two weeks into full-fledged diabetes, the rats were divided into mangiferin (potent natural antioxidant)-treated and untreated, wi…
Temporal and tissue-specific requirements for T-lymphocyte IL-6 signalling in obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance
2017
Low-grade inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance through the activation of tissue-infiltrating immune cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a crucial regulator of T cells and is increased in obesity. Here we report that classical IL-6 signalling in T cells promotes inflammation and insulin resistance during the first 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), but becomes dispensable at later stages (after 16 weeks). Mice with T cell-specific deficiency of IL-6 receptor-α (IL-6RαT-KO) exposed to a HFD display improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and inflammation in liver and EWAT after 8 weeks. However, after 16 weeks, insulin resistance in IL-6RαT-KO epididymal white adipose tissue (EW…
ERK1 and ERK2 activation modulates diet-induced obesity in mice
2017
IF 3.112; International audience; Obesity is a worldwide problem, and dietary lipids play an important role in its pathogenesis. Recently, Erk1 knock-out (ERK1(-/-)) mice have been shown to exhibit low preference for dietary fatty acids. Hence, we maintained Erk1(-/-) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) to assess the implication of this mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in obesity. The Erk1(-/-) mice, fed the HFD, were more obese than wild-type (WT) animals, fed the same diet. Erk1(-/-) obese mice gained more fat and liver mass than WT obese animals. No difference was observed in daily food and energy intake in HFD-fed both group of animals. However, feed efficiency was higher in Erk1(-/-) t…