Search results for "intensity"
showing 10 items of 1091 documents
Renewable electricity producing technologies and metal depletion: A sensitivity analysis using the EROI
2015
International audience; More and more attention is being paid to renewable technologies because they are seen as a great opportunity to disengage our society from its dependence on fossil fuels. Such flow-based energy resources that rely on solarenergy are supposed to lead us toward a sustainable energy future. However, because of their high capitalintensity, renewable technologies require large amounts of matter, including both common and rare metals.These metals require energy for their production, and more specifically for their extraction. The energy costassociated with metal extraction is linked to mineral ore grade, meaning that as depletion progresses, energycost increases. In additi…
Export intensity and the productivity gains of exporting
2013
This article analyses whether the productivity gains associated with Learning-by-Exporting (LBE) (controlling for self-selection) depend on the intensity of the firm's exporting activity. The results from a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms indicate that the yearly average gains in productivity are larger for those firms that increase their export-to-sales ratio.
LATVIAN INNOVATION ACTIVITY AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE EU CONTEXT
2013
The new Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth has identified innovation as one of the core drivers that can get European countries out of the current economic crisis. The Europe 2020 Strategy sets a 3% of the EU’s GDP to be invested in RD the statistics database of the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia; Eurostat and other international statistical and methodological materials. Bibliography review, as well as methods of statistical analysis such as grouping, processing and comparative analysis has mainly been used in the paper. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.7.4119
Precise measurements of the neutron magnetic form factor
1998
Abstract The neutron magnetic form factor Gmn has been determined via a measurement of the ratio of cross sections D(e,e′n) and D(e,e′p). The absolute detection efficiency of the neutron detector was measured with high accuracy using tagged neutrons produced from H(n,p)n elastic scattering by means of a high intensity neutron beam. This approach minimizes the model dependence and improves upon the weakest points of previous experiments. Data in the range q2=0.2–0.8 (GeV/c)2 with uncertainties of
Complexity and Nonlinearity Analysis of the Time Series of Electric Field Intensity
2021
In this work, the conditional entropy (CE) and the method of surrogate data are applied on time series of electric field (EF) intensity to explore their degree of complexity and the possible presence of nonlinear dynamics. The time series were obtained during the wide-band cumulative EF intensity monitoring, performed by one sensor of the Serbian EMF RATEL monitoring system installed in the campus area of the University of Novi Sad, and are re-sampled at one sample per two hours over consecutive time epochs of one month duration. The field intensity measurements during the years 2019 and 2020 allowed us to explore the effects of mobility restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the …
Intracranial measurement of current densities induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human brain
2003
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate currents in the brain via pulsed magnetic fields. The magnitude of such induced currents is unknown. In this study we measured the TMS induced current densities in a patient with implanted depth electrodes for epilepsy monitoring. A maximum current density of 12 microA/cm2 was recorded at a depth of 1 cm from scalp surface with the optimum stimulation orientation used in the experiment and an intensity of 7% of the maximal stimulator output. During TMS we recorded relative current variations under different stimulating coil orientations and at different points…
Numerical procedures and their practical application in PV modules’ analyses. Part II: Useful fractions and APE
2019
Abstract The article regards aspects of PV modules tested with the use of natural sunlight. The analysis of spectral structure of solar energy resources in southern Poland, carried out on the basis of meteorological data originating from SolarLab PW Wroclaw and AGH Krakow, Poland [ 1 ] was used in the article. It is a continuation of the article: Analysis of solar energy resources in southern Poland for photovoltaic applications [ 1 ], describing the method to determine spectral parameters of average photon energy (APE) and useful fraction (UF) with the use of a solar radiation spectrum simulator. This article, however, includes an experimental presentation of their impact on PV conversion …
Investigating the Response of Loop Plasma to Nanoflare Heating Using RADYN Simulations
2018
We present the results of 1D hydrodynamic simulations of coronal loops that are subject to nanoflares, caused by either in situ thermal heating or nonthermal electron (NTE) beams. The synthesized intensity and Doppler shifts can be directly compared with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) observations of rapid variability in the transition region (TR) of coronal loops, associated with transient coronal heating. We find that NTEs with high enough low-energy cutoff (EC) deposit energy in the lower TR and chromosphere, causing blueshifts (up to approximately 20 kilometers per second) in the IRIS Si IV lines, which thermal conduction cannot repro…
Measurement of drift mobilities in amorphous organic films using the Time of Flight method
2004
We apply the Time of Flight (TOF) technique to study carrier mobility in N, N’-diphenyl-N,N’-bis(3-methylphenyl) -1,1-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (TPD) and tris(8-hydroxyquinolato) aluminium (Alq 3 ). These materials are two examples of, respectively, hole and electron transporting molecular materials. Measurements are performed in free air or under vacuum varying the experimental parameters such as laser pulse intensity and single shot irradiation. We observe a transition from dispersive to non dispersive transport changing the experimental conditions.
Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies on radiation defects in Mn‐activated RbCdF 3
2007
The photoluminescence of Mn-activated RbCdF3 shows a Mn2+ emission band at 560 nm; the corresponding excitation bands are between 240 and 520 nm. After X-irradiation an increased Mn2+ emission can be observed and the excitation spectrum shows an additional broad intense band at 300 nm. Upon excitation at 300 nm the intensity of the Mn2+ emission decreases, whereas excitation at 240 nm leads to an increase in the PL intensity. Electron paramagnetic resonance shows that the number of Mn2+ ions is reduced upon X-irradiation; the original Mn2+ level can be restored upon optical bleaching. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)