Search results for "intensity"
showing 10 items of 1091 documents
Evidence of regional differences in chlorine perception by consumers: sensitivity differences or habituation?
2014
Chlorinous flavors are a leading cause of customers9 dissatisfaction with drinking water. Potential differences in chlorine perception were investigated by conducting sensory testing experiments in France and Spain to assess consumers9 sensory sensitivity (chlorine flavor detection threshold and supra-threshold intensity) as well as their liking of and acceptability for chlorinated solutions. In both countries, two groups of panelists were constituted based on their water drinking habits (tap vs. bottled water). Chlorine flavor detection threshold was found to vary depending on countries (0.17 mg/L Cl 2 in France and 0.56 mg/L Cl 2 in Spain). Taking into account that mean flavor detection t…
Modeling light and temperature influence on ammonium removal by Scenedesmus sp. under outdoor conditions.
2016
[EN] The ammonium removal rate of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. was studied under outdoor conditions. Microalgae were grown in a 500 L flat-plate photobioreactor and fed with the effluent of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Temperature ranged between 9.5 WC and 32.5 WC and maximum light intensity was 1,860 μmol·m2·s1. A maximum specific ammonium removal rate of 3.71 mg NH4 þ-N·g TSS1·h1 was measured (at 22.6 WC and with a light intensity of 1,734 μmol·m2·s1). A mathematical model considering the influence of ammonium concentration, light and temperature was validated. The model successfully reproduced the observed values of ammonium removal rate obtained and it is thus p…
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY (50Hz) MAGNETIC FIELD INFLUENCES PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER
2019
The influence of 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field on physico-chemical properties of water was studied. Tanks with distilled water (120 mL) were individually exposed to action of homogenous 50 Hz magnetic fields, using a Helmholtz coils system. For magnetically exposure have been used different values of magnetic flux density (between 1 and 5 mT) and different durations of exposure (between 5 and 240 minutes). By means of this experimental study the physico-chemical properties of exposed water samples compared with the control ones have explored. Density, viscosity, surface tension, pH, oxygen concentration and electrical conductivity were recorded. Some physico-chemical parameters analyzed i…
Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of a microalgae model for wastewater treatment.
2022
The results of a global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of a microalgae model applied to a Membrane Photobioreactor (MPBR) pilot plant were assessed. The main goals of this study were: (I) to identify the sensitivity factors of the model through the Morris screening method, i.e. the most influential factors; (II) to calibrate the influential factors online or offline; and (III) to assess the model's uncertainty. Four experimental periods were evaluated, which encompassed a wide range of environmental and operational conditions. Eleven influential factors (e.g. maximum specific growth rate, light intensity and maximum temperature) were identified in the model from a set of 34 kinetic pa…
Some properties of local weighted second-order statistics for spatio-temporal point processes
2019
Diagnostics of goodness-of-fit in the theory of point processes are often considered through the transformation of data into residuals as a result of a thinning or a rescaling procedure. We alternatively consider here second-order statistics coming from weighted measures. Motivated by Adelfio and Schoenberg (Ann Inst Stat Math 61(4):929–948, 2009) for the temporal and spatial cases, we consider an extension to the spatio-temporal context in addition to focussing on local characteristics. In particular, our proposed method assesses goodness-of-fit of spatio-temporal models by using local weighted second-order statistics, computed after weighting the contribution of each observed point by the…
Application of the IO Methodology to the Energy and Environmental Analysis of a Regional Context
2009
Performing an energy and environmental analysis, researchers have to face many problems regarding the data quality and availability. Data are often out-of-date, not representative and consistent or, frequently, referred to faraway geographic and productive contexts. The Input-Output (IO) model, due to its simplicity, allows to acquire information regarding the energy and environmental performances of productive sectors.
Physical demands during 3×3 international male and female basketball games are partially impacted by competition phase but not game outcome
2021
Despite the increased popularity and number of international competitions for 3 × 3 basketball, the precise physical demands of this sport are not well described. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the physical demands of 3 × 3 basketball games according to game outcome and competition phase. Following an observational design, video footage from 27 games were analysed from 104 international 3 × 3 basketball players (n = 52 male and n = 52 female players) belonging to 26 national teams (n = 13 male and n = 13 female teams) during the 2019 FIBA 3 × 3 World Cup. Manual frame-by-frame time-motion analyses were conducted to determine the relative frequency (n · min−1) and duration (% of liv…
Ethernet FSO Communications Link Performance Study Under a Controlled Fog Environment
2012
In this letter the performance of a free space optical (FSO) communication link in the presence of fog is experimentally investigated in an indoor environment. A dedicated indoor atmospheric chamber, replicating the outdoor environment, is being used to evaluate the FSO link performance under the fog condition. Theoretical analysis supported by the experimental evaluation has been carried out for the intensity modulation/direct detection on-off keying non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ), OOK return-to-zero (OOK-RZ) and four pulse position modulation (4-PPM) modulation formats at the Ethernet baseline data-rate. The results shown indicate that the 4-PPM signalling scheme is the most robust to the f…
Limitation of carrier fringe methods in digital photoelasticity
2007
The carrier fringes method has been proposed in digital photoelasticity in combination with techniques such as Fourier transform and phase shifting method, without considering the influence of the isoclinics on the isochromatic patterns analysis. Unlike other optical methods as moire and holographic interferometry, in photoelasticity the light intensity emerging from a circular polariscope is related to both the isochromatic retardation and the isoclinic parameter. As it is shown by the theoretical analysis, owing to the misalignment between the principal stresses in the model and in the carrier, the computed retardation is affected by an error which is the same for all photoelastic methods…
Inclusion ratio based estimator for the mean length of the boolean line segment model with an application to nanocrystalline cellulose
2014
A novel estimator for estimating the mean length of fibres is proposed for censored data observed in square shaped windows. Instead of observing the fibre lengths, we observe the ratio between the intensity estimates of minus-sampling and plus-sampling. It is well-known that both intensity estimators are biased. In the current work, we derive the ratio of these biases as a function of the mean length assuming a Boolean line segment model with exponentially distributed lengths and uniformly distributed directions. Having the observed ratio of the intensity estimators, the inverse of the derived function is suggested as a new estimator for the mean length. For this estimator, an approximation…