Search results for "interactions."
showing 10 items of 1865 documents
Echinostoma caproni: intestinal pathology in the golden hamster, a highly compatible host, and the Wistar rat, a less compatible host.
2005
The histopathological changes induced by Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in a high (golden hamster) and a low compatible host (rat) were compared at 15 and 30 days post-infection. Infection of rats was characterized by a progressive increase in erosion of villi and elevated numbers of goblet cells, which could be related to the early expulsion of the parasite in a host of low compatibility. In contrast to rats, the number of goblet cell in E. caproni-infected hamsters was low, but increased numbers of neutrophils and mesenteric inflammatory cells were observed. This indicated that local inflammatory responses in hamsters were greater than in rats. An immunohistochemical st…
Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010
2012
The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2…
Interaction of phenylbutazone with racemic phenprocoumon and its enantiomers in rats.
1979
The interaction of phenylbutazone with the enantiomers and racemic [ 3 H]phenprocoumon was studied in male inbred Wistar-Lewis rats following a single i.v. dose of the three forms of phenprocoumon and chronic oral treatment with phenylbutazone (average plasma concentration of about 60 Μg/ml). Phenylbutazone augmented the anticoagulant effect of R(+), S(−), and R, S (±) phenprocoumon to a similar extent. The free fraction of drug in the plasma of the enantiomers and racemic phenprocoumon increased in the presence of phenylbutazone. However, the rate of elimination of total drug from plasma and liver and the distribution between liver and plasma of all three forms of phenprocoumon remained ne…
Host-parasite relationships of Zootoca vivipara (Sauria: Lacertidae) in the Pyrenees (North Spain)
2000
The helminths infesting the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara (Jacquin, 1787), were studied with special attention to the relations between the number of nematodes, Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), and the size, sex and age class of the host. The possible seasonality of the parasite intensity and the relationship with the feeding habits of the host were also tested. Helminth infracommunities of Z. vivipara were depauperate with lizards harbouring only two species, the trematode Plagiorchis molini (Lent et Freitas, 1940) and the nematode O. filiformis. A positive correlation between host size and the number of O. filiformis was found for female Z. vivipara. However, no correlation was d…
Extended release and enhanced bioavailability of moxifloxacin conjugated with hydrophilic cellulose ethers.
2015
Macromolecular prodrugs (MPDs) of moxifloxacin were fabricated based on hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). UV/Vis spectrophotometry was employed to determine covalently loaded drug content (DC) of each conjugate. The degree of substitution (DS) of moxifloxacin attained ranged from 0.27 to 0.38 (HPC) and 0.19 to 0.26 (HEC) per anhydroglucose unit (AGU), respectively. Transmission electron microscopic analyses showed that HPC-moxifloxacin conjugates self-assembled into nanowires of ∼ 30 nm diameters while HEC-moxifloxacin conjugates self-assembled into nanoparticles of 150-350 nm. In vitro drug release studies revealed that 15 and 49% moxifloxacin release occurred f…
Differential phenoloxidase activity between native and invasive gammarids infected by local acanthocephalans: differential immunosuppression?
2003
Manipulative endoparasites can alter the behaviour and the physiology of their intermediate hosts in ways that increase the probability of successful transmission to the final host. This requires that the parasite is able to circumvent its host's immune defence. Successful immune evasion may depend on host-parasite coevolutionary history and the appearance of new hosts invading the local host population may promote local parasite maladaptation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of 2 acanthocephalan parasites, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Polymorphus minutus, on the immunity of their local and new invasive gammarid intermediate hosts, respectively Gammarus pulex and Gammarus roese…
Zygocotyle lunata: Proteomic analysis of the adult stage
2011
The somatic extract of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) adults collected from experimentally infected mice was investigated using a proteomic approach to separate and identify tryptic peptides from the somatic extract of Z. lunata adult worms. A shot-gun liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry procedure was used. We used the MASCOT search engine (Matrix-Science) and ProteinPilot software v2.0 (Applied Biosystems) for the database search. A total of 36 proteins were accurately identified from the worms. The largest protein family consisted of metabolic enzymes. Structural, motor and receptor binding proteins and proteins related to oxygen transport were identified in th…
Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis and Echin…
2011
SUMMARYWith the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune cross-reactivity between the trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and Echinostoma caproni in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected with S. haematobium and E. caproni fo…
Helminth communities of two green frogs (Rana perezi and Rana saharica) from both shores of the Alboran Sea.
2006
Les communautes d'helminthes de deux populations de grenouilles vertes des rivages de la mer d'Alboran (mediterraneen occidental) ont ete etudiees. Des 79 grenouilles examinees pour etudier les helminthes, 39 exemplaires de Rana saharica ont ete captures a Bab-Taza (Maroc), et 40 de l'espece Rana perezi dans le Parc Naturel Sierra de Grazalema (Espagne). Bien que la richesse des especes d'helminthes soient identique dans les deux secteurs d'echantillonnage, les differences observees dans la structure des infracommunautes d'helminthes sont assez importantes. Statistiquement, des differences significatives ont ete trouvees entre la richesse en especes et la diversite des infracommunautes chez…
Affinity and efficacy of racemic, (+)-, and (−)-methacholine in muscarinic inhibition of [3H]-noradrenaline release
1985
The right postganglionic sympathetic nerves of rat isolated perfused hearts (previously loaded with [3H]-noradrenaline) were stimulated electrically with 10 trains of 10 pulses at 10 Hz. The inhibition by methacholine of stimulation-evoked [3H]-noradrenaline overflow into the perfusate (determined in the presence of corticosterone, desipramine, phentolamine, and propranolol) was taken as a measure for activation of presynaptic muscarinic receptors. The evoked [3H]-noradrenaline overflow was inhibited by (+)-, racemic, and (-)-methacholine in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. The concentration causing 50% inhibition (IC50) was 0.1, 0.26, and 65 microM, respectively, resulting …