Search results for "interleukin"

The Transcription Factor T-bet Is Induced by IL-15 and Thymic Agonist Selection and Controls CD8αα+ Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Development

2014

Summary CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are instrumental in maintaining the epithelial barrier in the intestine. Similar to natural killer cells and other innate lymphoid cells, CD8αα + IELs constitutively express the T-box transcription factor T-bet. However, the precise role of T-bet for the differentiation or function of IELs is unknown. Here we show that mice genetically deficient for T-bet lacked both TCRαβ + and TCRγδ + CD8αα + IELs and thus are more susceptible to chemically induced colitis. Although T-bet was induced in thymic IEL precursors (IELPs) as a result of agonist selection and interleukin-15 (IL-15) receptor signaling, it was dispensable for the generation of IEL…

Cancer relapse under chemotherapy: why TLR2/4 receptor agonists can help.

2007

Liver or lung metastases usually relapse under chemotherapy. Such life-threatening condition urgently needs new, systemic anticancer compounds, with original and efficient mechanisms of action. In B16 melanoma mice treated with cyclophosphamide, D'Agostini et al. [D'Agostini, C., Pica, F., Febbraro, G., Grelli, S., Chiavaroli, C., Garaci, E., 2005. Antitumour effect of OM-174 and Cyclophosphamide on murine B16 melanoma in different experimental conditions. Int. Immunopharmacol. 5, 1205-1212.] recently found that OM-174, a chemically defined Toll-like receptor(TLR)2/4 agonist, reduces tumor progression and prolongs survival. Here we review 149 articles concerning molecular mechanisms of TLR2…

Homodimeric murine interleukin-3 agonists indicate that ligand dimerization is important for high-affinity receptor complex formation.

1994

Homodimeric murine interleukin 3 (mIL-3) agonists were generated by intermolecular cystine-bonding. Steady-state binding assays and association kinetics performed at 4 degrees C using these agonists revealed specific binding to both the high- and low-affinity receptor. DSS-mediated crosslinking studies performed at 4 degrees C with agonist concentrations compatible with high-affinity receptor complex formation allowed to detect protein complexes of the alpha chain, the beta chain(s) and the high-affinity receptor complex migrating with apparent molecular weights of 90 kDa, 140 kDa, and above 180 kDa, respectively. In contrast, monomeric mIL-3 was crosslinked to the alpha chain receptor only…

Prostaglandin D2 regulates joint inflammation and destruction in murine collagen-induced arthritis.

2012

Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVE: Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) may exert proinflammatory or antiinflammatory effects in different biologic systems. Although this prostanoid and the enzymes responsible for its synthesis are up-regulated by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in human chondrocytes in vitro, the role of PGD2 in arthritis remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of PGD2 in the inflammatory response and in joint destruction during the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. METHODS: PGD2 and cytokine levels in mice with CIA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of hematopoietic PGD synthase (h-PGDS), lipocalin-typ…

Effects of in vitro treatment with fluticasone propionate on natural killer and lymphokine-induced killer activity in asthmatic and healthy individua…

2001

Background: Topical corticosteroids are beneficial in the treatment of allergic respiratory disorders; they exert effects on a number of cells involved in allergic inflammatory reactions. On the other hand, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxicity (i.e., natural killer [NK] cell activity) may play a role in the inflammatory allergic reaction. The objective was to gain insight into the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of fluticasone propionate (FP), an inhaled corticosteroid used in asthma and rhinitis therapy. Therefore, we evaluated the NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity of effector cells in vitro treated or not with FP. Methods: Evaluations were…

Effects of Parietaria judaica pollen extract on human microvascular endothelial cells

2008

Abstract Pollinosis from Parietaria judaica is one of the main causes of allergy in the Mediterranean area. The present study is designed to assess if P. judaica pollens contain bioactive compounds able to elicit a functional response in endothelial cells. We have demonstrated that addition of pollen extract to human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) induces a modification of cell morphology, actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and an increase in endothelial cell permeability. We further showed that the treatment of endothelial cells with pollen extract causes an increase of E-selectin and VCAM-1 protein levels as well as an increase of IL-8 production. The stimulation of cell–ce…

Dual role of interleukin-1alpha in delayed-type hypersensitivity and airway hyperresponsiveness.

2009

<i>Background:</i> Using a T helper (Th)1/Th2 disease model, we previously showed that genetically determined Th development depends on dendritic cell-derived interleukin (IL)-1α. In <i>Leishmania major</i> infections, Th1 immunity develops if IL-1α is present during T cell priming, whereas at later time points, IL-1α worsens disease outcome. In the present study, we determined the role of IL-1α in other Th2-mediated diseases. <i>Methods:</i> BALB/c mice were subjected to delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) or ovalbumin (OVA)/alum-induced allergic asthma in the presence or absence of IL-1α. <i>Results:</i> In DTH, mice treated with IL-1α durin…

Do Tr1 cells play a role in immunotherapy?

1999

Effective treatment of allergic airway inflammation with Helicobacter pylori immunomodulators requires BATF3-dependent dendritic cells and IL-10

2014

The prevalence of allergic asthma and other atopic diseases has reached epidemic proportions in large parts of the developed world. The gradual loss of the human indigenous microbiota has been held responsible for this trend. The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a constituent of the normal gastric microbiota whose presence has been inversely linked to allergy and asthma in humans and experimental models. Here we show that oral or i.p. tolerization with H. pylori extract prevents the airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchoalveolar eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation, and Th2 cytokine production that are hallmarks of allergen-induced asthma in mice. Asthma protection is not conferred by…

Cat Allergy as a Source Intensification of Atopic Dermatitis in Adult Patients

2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eczematous skin, underlain by impaired skin barrier and aberrant Th2-type and Th-22 cytokine production. A number of allergens, in particular contact with fur animals, may aggravate the disease. This study seeks to define the influence of having a regular contact with a pet cat at home on the severity of symptoms and signs of AD. We addressed the issue using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and visual analog (VAS) scores to assess the intensity of pruritus and by measuring the blood content of specific IgE and IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 cytokines. The study group consisted of 47 adult patients suffering from AD sin…