Search results for "interleukin"

Inhibition of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity by Cucurbitacin R through the Curbing of Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Expression by Means of Nuc…

2009

Cucurbitacin R is known to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect in different experimental models of inflammation. In this article, we outline the effect of cucurbitacin R on T lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and nuclear factor activation, as well as its influence on various experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Cucurbitacin R reduced the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin A-stimulated human T lymphocytes (IC(50), 18 microM), modifying the cell cycle, as well as the production of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, and especially interferon-gamma] and the induction of the principal cyclins implicated in the cell cycle (A(1), B(1), D(2), an…

Establishment of different T cell sublines using either interleukin 2 or interleukin 4 as growth factors

1990

Purified protein derivative reactive T cell lines were established under identical conditions with the exception that different lymphokines, namely interleukin (IL) 2 and IL 4 were employed as growth factors. IL 2 favored the development of T cell lines (LNC.2) which upon activation by concanavalin A (Con A) secreted predominantly lymphokines characteristic of TH1 cells. By contrast, T cell lines established with the aid of IL 4 as growth factor (LNC.4) produced mainly lymphokines representative of TH2 cells. Apart from their pattern of lymphokine secretion LNC.2 and LNC.4 T cells were found to differ in their proliferative response to lymphokines and Con A. LNC.2 T cells proliferated only …

T Cells Recognize an Immunodominant Epitope of Heat Shock Protein 65 in Kawasaki Disease

2000

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of infancy and early childhood that is characterized by endothelial cell damage associated with T-cell activation. Lymphocytes infiltrating damaged tissues might be responsible for the disease through secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, that could cause fever, as well as endothelial tissue damage. Debate is growing about the nature of antigen responsible for T-cell activation in KD. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and purified protein derivative (PPD) hyper-responsiveness was observed in KD patients and this phenomenon was hypothetically ascribed to cross-reactivity between mycobacterial Heat Shock Protein (HSP)…

Maintenance and Function of Human CD8+ T Cells and NK Cells in Humanized Mice

2014

Human CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells can be successfully engrafted in highly immuno-deficient mouse strains such as NOD/shi-SCID/γgcnull (NOG), NOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull (NSG), NOD/Rag1KO/γcnull (NRG), and BALB/c-Rag2KO/γcnull (BRG) mice following reconstitution with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or, alternatively, upon adoptive transfer of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These humanized immune system (HIS) mice have evolved as a promising tool to study human CD8+ T cell and NK cell-mediated immune responses to cancer and infectious diseases and to explore new approaches in adoptive immunotherapy and vaccination. However, long-term generation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK …

Tc9 cells, a new subset of CD8+T cells, support Th2-mediated airway inflammation

2013

Similar to T-helper (Th) cells, CD8(+) T cells also differentiate into distinct subpopulations. However, the existence of IL-9-producing CD8(+) T (Tc9) cells has not been elucidated so far. We show that murine CD8(+) T cells activated in the presence of IL-4 plus TGF-β develop into transient IL-9 producers characterized by specific IFN-γ and IL-10 expression patterns as well as by low cytotoxic function along with diminished expression of the CTL-associated transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin. Similarly to the CD4(+) counterpart, Tc9 cells required for their differentiation STAT6 and IRF4. Tc9 cells deficient for these master regulators displayed increased levels of Foxp3 that in t…

Strong and sustained effector function of memory- versus naïve-derived T cells upon T-cell receptor RNA transfer: Implications for cellular therapy

2012

Current protocols used to select CMV-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy focus on virus-specific memory T cells from seropositive donors. However, this strategy is not feasible in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) from CMV-seronegative donors. Here, we redirected T cells of CMV-seronegative donors with a human genetically engineered TCR recognizing an HLA-A*0201-binding peptide epitope of CMVpp65. To facilitate clinical translation of this approach, we used a non-viral expression system based on in vitro transcribed RNA and electroporation. Although memory and naive-derived T-cell subsets were both efficiently transfected by TCR-RNA, memo…

BDCA1+ Dendritic Cells Drive The Differentiation Of Cytotoxic CD103+ Intraepithelial CD8+ T Cells In The Human Lung

2012

Innate immunity repairs gut lining

2015

It emerges that innate immune cells called group 3 innate lymphoid cells signal directly to intestinal stem cells to promote the replacement of damaged epithelial cells lining the gut. See Letter p.560 The cellular signals supporting normal epithelial intestine maintenance through regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity are well characterized, but the signals involved in the regulation of the ISC compartment after damage are still unclear. Alan Hanash and colleagues have found that innate lymphoid cells produce interleukin-22 (IL-22) after injury to increase the growth of mouse intestinal organoids. They further show that recombinant IL-22 promotes ISC expansion in both human and …

Cytokines profiles in intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells exposed to 7-ketostigmasterol or 7-ketocholesterol

2013

Targeting IL-6 signalling in early rheumatoid arthritis is followed by Th1 and Th17 suppression and Th2 expansion.

2014

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the in vitro and ex-vivo effect of IL-6 inhibition on the balance between Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. METHODS: Ten consecutive adult patients with active early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) and ten healthy volunteers were included in the study. The percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were analysed by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from controls and from RA patients at the time of first evaluation and just before the third TCZ infusion. The in vitro effect of TCZ on the different subsets of CD4+ T cells and the expression levels of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg-related cytokines was also assessed. RESULTS: Treatment with TCZ, b…