Search results for "ionic"
showing 10 items of 2016 documents
Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in spinal cord and superior cervical ganglion of the djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus)
1993
The indirect immunofluorescent method was employed to investigate the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) in the spinal cord and superior cervical ganglion of the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus. In cross-sections of the spinal cord, immunoreactive fibres and terminals were found in laminae 1 and 2 in high density, in the dorsolateral (Lissauer's) tract, in ventral and lateral horns, and in the area surrounding the central canal. A few CGRP-LI perikarya were seen in the ventral but not the dorsal horn. CGRP-LI was further observed in preganglionic sympathetic neurons which were labelled by retrograde axonal transport of fluoro-gold (FG) follo…
Spinal relay neurons for central control of autonomic pathways in a photoperiodic rodent.
2021
Location and distribution of spinal sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion were investigated in a rodent model organism for photoperiodic regulation, the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Upon unilateral injection of Fluoro-Gold into the superior cervical ganglia, retrograde neuronal tracing demonstrated labeled neurons ipsilateral to the injection site. They were seen in spinal segments C8 to Th5 of which the segments Th1 to Th3 contained about 98% of the labeled cells. Neurons were found in the spinal cord predominantly in the intermediolateral nucleus pars principalis and pars funicularis. At the same time, the central autonomic area and the …
Differential effect of beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine, the Lathyrus sativus neurotoxin, and (+/-)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate …
2000
We studied the effect of beta-oxalylamino-L-alanine, a glutamate analog present in Lathyrus sativus seeds and implicated in the etiopathogenesis of neurolathyrism, and (+/-)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate on the extracellular levels of aspartate, glutamate and taurine in the primary motor cortex of freely moving rats. We found that while both neurotoxins increase the level of aspartate and glutamate, only (+/-)-alpha(-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate is able to modulate the level of taurine. GYKI-52466, a non-competitive non-NMDA antagonist, inhibited beta-oxalylamino-L-alanine-induced increase of aspartate, but not that of glutamate. Conversely, this ant…
The characteristics of different diagnostic tests in adult mild asthmatic patients: Comparison with patients with asthma-like symptoms by gastro-oeso…
2007
SummaryBackgroundDiagnosing asthma cannot be always easy. It is important to consider the validity of the diagnostic tests, and/or how much more commonly they are positive in patients with asthma compared to healthy subjects and, particularly, to patients with asthma-like symptoms.ObjectiveTo evaluate the validity of diagnostic tests for asthma, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, in patients with bronchial asthma compared to patients affected by gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with asthma-like symptoms, and healthy control subjects without asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER).DesignSingle-center, cross-sectional, observational study…
Biochemical selection of prepubertal patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome by sex hormone-binding globulin response to the human chorionic go…
1997
Before puberty, the diagnosis of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) can be difficult. We studied whether the decrease of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) during the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test may represent a biochemical test to select prepubertal patients with AIS. We examined prepubertal patients with AIS (n = 9, age 0.9-8.2 y), male pseudohermaphroditism not due to AIS (other-MPH) (n = 8, age 0.6-10.7 y), and control boys (n = 12, age 0.8-12.5 y). Testosterone and SHBG levels (mean +/- SD) were measured before (d 0) and after (d 5) a hCG test (1500 IU X 3 d). Testosterone levels (nmol/L) increased in all groups [AIS: from 1.5 +/- 1.2 to 22.1 +/- 11.8 (p0.001); other-MPH…
The effects of sex hormones, prolactin, and chorionic gonadotropin on pineal electrical activity in guinea pigs.
1981
Microelectrophoretic application of sex hormones onto pineal cells in guinea pigs has shown different responses in pregnant females as compared to males. In pregnant females estrone caused excitation in 74% of the cells tested, while progesterone and testosterone, prolactin, and HCG were inhibitory in a majority of the cells tested, while progesterone and testosterone, prolactin, and HCG were inhibitory in a majority of the cells. In contrast, in males estrone caused excitation of only 19% but inhibition of 37%. A smaller percentage of cells was inhibited by progesterone, while the predominant response to testosterone was excitation. These results suggest that the pineal gland may be under …
A trade-off between sexual signalling and immune function in a natural population of the drumming wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata.
2005
The field of ecological immunology is ultimately seeking to address the question ‘Why is there variation in immune function?’ Here, we provide experimental evidence that costs of ubiquitous sexual signals are a significant source of variation in immune function. In the mating season, males of the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata drum against dry leaves while wandering around the habitat searching for receptive females. According to a previous study, the male metabolic rate during the drumming increases 22-fold compared to the resting metabolic rate. In the present study, we examined whether investment in costly courtship drumming decreases male immune function in a wild population of H…
Management of undescended testes: European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology Guidelines.
2016
Summary Context Undescended testis is the most common endocrinological disease in the male newborn period. Incidence varies between 1.0% and 4.6% in full-term neonates, with rates as high as 45% in preterm neonates. Failure or delay of treatment can result in reduced fertility and/or increased testicular cancer risk in adulthood. Objective To provide recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of boys with undescended testes which reduce the risk of impaired fertility and testicular cancer in adulthood. Evidence acquisition Embase and Pubmed were searched for all relevant publications, from 1990 to 2015 limited to English language. Data were narratively synthesized in light of methodolo…
Effects of excitatory amino acids and neuropeptide Y on the discharge activity of suprachiasmatic neurons in rat brain slices
1997
Effects of L-glutamate, AMPA, NMDA and NPY on the discharge activity of neurons located in the ventral subdivision of the suprachiasmatic nucleus were examined in submerged coronal slices of the rat hypothalamus. All substances were bath applied. Application of L-glutamate (14 neurons examined) induced an excitatory response in 8 suprachiasmatic neurons (+248.9 +/- 122.24%, mean +/- S.E.M.; P0.001). A biphasic response, i.e. an initial transient excitation (+54.3 +/- 8.21%; P0.001) succeeded by an inhibition (-66.2 +/- 9.31%; P0.001), was observed in 6 neurons. Application of AMPA (36 neurons examined) resulted in an excitation of 31 neurons (+209.2 +/- 58.58%; P0.0001). Application of NMDA…
The use of the de deckere-ten hoor preparation for study of nicotinic and potassium-evoked dopamine ?-hydroxylase release from the rabbit heart
1980
1. Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) and noradrenaline were determined both in the venous effluent (perfusate) and in the transmyocardial fluid (TMF) collected from the apex of the rabbit isolated heart which was prepared according to De Deckere and Ten Hoor (1977) and perfused with Tyrode's solution at 20 ml/min. 2. Perfusion for 2 min with the nicotinic drug, p-aminophenethyl-trimethylammonium (PAPETA), both in the absence of presence of atropine evoked noradrenaline overflow into the perfusate and TMF that was maximal in the 0–2 min sample and declined from maximum with a t1/2 of 0.6 min. DBH was released into TMF with the maximum from 2–4 min and a t1/2 of decline of 5.6 min. 3. High K-low N…