Search results for "ionization"

showing 10 items of 1255 documents

Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment.

2016

The XENON1T experiment is currently in the commissioning phase at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. In this article we study the experiment's expected sensitivity to the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section, based on Monte Carlo predictions of the electronic and nuclear recoil backgrounds. The total electronic recoil background in $1$ tonne fiducial volume and ($1$, $12$) keV electronic recoil equivalent energy region, before applying any selection to discriminate between electronic and nuclear recoils, is $(1.80 \pm 0.15) \cdot 10^{-4}$ ($\rm{kg} \cdot day \cdot keV)^{-1}$, mainly due to the decay of $^{222}\rm{Rn}$ daughters inside the xenon target. The nu…

dark matter simulationsPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsCosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)Physics::Instrumentation and Detectorsdark matter experimentFOS: Physical scienceschemistry.chemical_elementCosmic ray7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesdark matter simulationNuclear physicsRecoilXenonIonization0103 physical sciencesNeutronNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsPhysicsMuon010308 nuclear & particles physicsdark matter experimentsAstronomy and AstrophysicsInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)dark matter experiments; dark matter simulationschemistryNeutrinoNucleonAstrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic AstrophysicsJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
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Resolution Characterizations of JetRIS in Mainz Using 164Dy

2022

Atoms 10(2), 57 (2022). doi:10.3390/atoms10020057

de Laval nozzlenobeliumNuclear and High Energy PhysicsScience & TechnologyRESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPYPhysicsJetRIS; fluorescence spectroscopy; gas-jet; de Laval nozzle; nobeliumPhysics Atomic Molecular & Chemicalfluorescence spectroscopyCondensed Matter Physics530Atomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsJetRISPhysical SciencesELEMENTSgas-jetddc:530Physics::Atomic PhysicsNuclear ExperimentLASER SPECTROSCOPYAtoms
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A study of VUV emission and the extracted electron-ion ratio in hydrogen and deuterium plasmas of a filament-driven H−/D− ion source

2019

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission diagnostics for studying differences of electron impact processes in hydrogen and deuterium plasmas are presented. The method is applied to study a filament driven multicusp arc discharge negative ion source by comparing the VUV-emission intensities of different emission bands and extracted currents of H−/D− ions and electrons. It was found that the ratio of coextracted electrons to extracted ions is four times higher for deuterium than for hydrogen. No significant differences of the VUV-spectra or volumetric rates of ionization, excitation, production of high vibrational states, and dissociation were found between the plasmas of the two isotopes. The volum…

diffusion rateisotoopitplasma diagnosticselectron impact ionizationplasmafysiikkavacuum ultraviolet radiationelectron impact emission spectroscopyion sourcesPhysics::Plasma Physicselectric dischargesPhysics::Atomic and Molecular Clustersisotopesvibrational statesplasma spectroscopy
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Direct Measurement of Mammographic X-Ray Spectra with a Digital CdTe Detection System

2012

In this work we present a detection system, based on a CdTe detector and an innovative digital pulse processing (DPP) system, for high-rate X-ray spectroscopy in mammography (1–30 keV). The DPP system performs a height and shape analysis of the detector pulses, sampled and digitized by a 14-bit, 100 MHz ADC. We show the results of the characterization of the detection system both at low and high photon counting rates by using monoenergetic X-ray sources and a nonclinical X-ray tube. The detection system exhibits excellent performance up to 830 kcps with an energy resolution of 4.5% FWHM at 22.1 keV. Direct measurements of clinical molybdenum X-ray spectra were carried out by using a pinhole…

digital pulse processingmammographyAnalytical chemistrylcsh:Chemical technologyBiochemistryArticleAnalytical ChemistryCdTe detectorsCdTe detectorOpticsmedicineCadmium CompoundsMammographylcsh:TP1-1185Computer SimulationElectrical and Electronic EngineeringInstrumentationPhysicsDosimetermedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryAttenuationSpectrum AnalysisX-RaysDetectorSettore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentalehigh photon counting rateCdTe detectors Digital Pulse Processing MammographySignal Processing Computer-AssistedAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPhoton countingSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Full width at half maximumX-ray spectroscopy; high photon counting rate; CdTe detectors; digital pulse processing; mammographyIonization chamberX-ray spectroscopyTelluriumbusinessHalf-value layerSensors; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 8390-8404
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Instrumentation for time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis

2016

Time-of-flight elastic recoil detection is an ion beam based method to analyze the elemental composition of thin film samples at different depths. In order to improve the mass resolution and to enable kinematic correction a position sensitive gas ionization chamber energy detector was constructed. This detector along with pre-existing timing detectors were connected to a modern fully digitizing data acquisition setup. This thesis describes the design of these instruments, including all aspects from the mechanical design of the gas ionization detector to the algorithm and software development of the digitizing acquisition setup. The performance of the system has been studied with measurements …

digital pulse processingmateriaalitutkimusanalyysilaitteetelastic recoil detection analysisanalyysimenetelmätsirontaohutkalvottime-of-flightgas ionization chamberdigitizerdigitaalitekniikka
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A study of physical processes in microplasma capillary discharges

2011

We continue the research of low-pressure capillary discharge lamps of 500  μ m in radius in Ar/Hg, Kr/Hg and Xe/Hg mixtures. In the previous paper, an experimental approach which combines the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and tomographic methods was developed to study the capillary discharge. The present work is focused on interpretation of the tomographic reconstruction results for understanding the physical processes occurring in a capillary plasma. Analyzing the results of reconstruction, it was concluded that the radial profiles of Ar, Kr and Xe emission coefficients are in a good agreement with the Schottky theory. According to the Schottky model, ionization processes in plasma a…

education.field_of_studyGas-discharge lampAmbipolar diffusionCapillary actionChemistryPopulationAnalytical chemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsIonlaw.inventionCapillary PlasmalawIonizationElectron temperatureeducationInstrumentationThe European Physical Journal Applied Physics
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Search for Magnetic Monopoles and Stable High-Electric-Charge Objects in 13 Tev Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

2020

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, aswell as the support staff fromour institutionswithout whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; FWF, BMWFW, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, CFI, NRC, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, NSFC, MOST, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; VSC CR, MSMT CR, MPO CR, Czech Republic; DNSRC, DNRF, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; MPG, HGF, BMBF, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong China; Benoziyo Center, ISF, Israel; INFN, Italy; JSPS, MEXT, Japan; JINR; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Nether…

electric [charge]Drell-Yan process:Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP]Magnetic monopolesProton13000 GeV-cmsPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorselectromagnetic [calorimeter]magnetic [charge]General Physics and Astronomy7. Clean energy01 natural scienceschannel cross section: upper limitHigh Energy Physics - Experimentmagnetic monopole: massSubatomär fysikparticle: stabilityHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)magnetic monopole: pair productionSubatomic Physicsscattering [p p][PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]tracking detectorstability [particle]0 [spin]1/2 [spin]Particle productionHadron collidersPhysicsRange (particle radiation)Large Hadron Colliderupper limit [channel cross section]DetectorSettore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentalemass [magnetic monopole]ATLAS3. Good health:Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP]CERN LHC Collhigh [ionization]ATLAS Detectorslower limit [mass]atlas; lhc; higgs;colliding beams [p p]pair production [magnetic monopole]Particle Physics - ExperimentsignatureDirect Productionp p: scatteringHigh-Ionizationdirect production [magnetic monopole]530 PhysicsCiências Naturais::Ciências Físicasmass: lower limit:Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais]Magnetic monopolespin: 0FOS: Physical sciencesLHC ATLAS High Energy Physicsddc:500.2Electromagnetic CalorimeterElectric chargeComputer Science::Digital LibrariesChargeNuclear physicsionization: high0103 physical sciencesTransition Radiation Trackersddc:530High Energy Physicsspin: 1/2010306 general physicsCiencias ExactasATLAS Collaborationcharge: magneticmagnetic monopolesS028CScience & Technologyhep-excharge: electricFísicaCharge (physics)triggerPair productioncalorimeter: electromagneticProton Proton CollisionsExperimental High Energy PhysicsMagnetic ChargesElementary Particles and FieldsHigh Energy Physics::Experimenttransition radiationHadron-hadron collisionsp p: colliding beamsmagnetic monopole: direct productionexperimental resultsPhysical Review Letters
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Gas phase behavior of radical cations of perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-triazines: an experimental and theoretical study

2009

Electron ionization mass spectrometry and low-energy collision-induced decomposition reactions occurring in a tridimensional ion trap, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations on neutrals, even- and odd-electron cations, have been used to study the gas-phase ion chemistry of a series of perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-triazines. Loss of oxygen, due to thermal degradation occurring before ionization, likely involving the hydroxylamino group, has been observed. Compounds having a carbonyl group at position 6 of the triazine ring fragment in the source by elimination of NO followed by HF or CO. The decomposition pathways occurring due to CID experiments have shown interesting features d…

electron ionizationFree RadicalsStereochemistryIonic bondingDFT calculationAntineoplastic AgentsMass spectrometryGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryIonradical ionTandem Mass SpectrometryComputational chemistrySpectroscopyElectron ionizationFluorocarbonsMolecular StructureTriazinesChemistryPolyatomic ionSettore CHIM/06 - Chimica OrganicaModels ChemicalRadical ionUnpaired electronDensity functional theorytriazineGasesfluorinated compounds
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Type II keratin cDNAs from the rainbow trout: implications for keratin evolution.

2002

From a teleost fish, the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, we have cloned and sequenced cDNAs encoding five different type II keratins. The corresponding protein spots, as separated by 2D-PAGE of trout cytoskeletal preparations, have been identified by peptide mass mapping using MALDI mass spectrometry. Three of the sequenced keratins are expressed in the epidermis (subtype IIe), and two in simple epithelia and mesenchymal cells (subtype IIs). The IIs keratins are both orthologs of human K8. This leaves unsequenced only the trace component S3 of the biochemically established trout keratin catalog. A phylogenetic tree has been constructed from a multiple alignment of the rod domains of the …

endocrine systemCancer Researchanimal structuresDNA ComplementaryMolecular Sequence Datamacromolecular substancesPeptide MappingType II keratinEvolution MolecularMesodermSpecies SpecificityAntibody SpecificityKeratinAnimalsHumansProtein IsoformsAmino Acid SequenceCloning MolecularMolecular BiologyZebrafishPhylogenyZebrafishchemistry.chemical_classificationGeneticsMammalsMultiple sequence alignmentintegumentary systembiologyPhylogenetic treeSequence Homology Amino AcidLampreyAntibodies MonoclonalLampreysEpithelial CellsCell Biologybiology.organism_classificationProtein Structure TertiaryTroutchemistryOrgan SpecificityOncorhynchus mykissSpectrometry Mass Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationSharksKeratinsRainbow troutEpidermisSequence AlignmentDevelopmental BiologyDifferentiation; research in biological diversity
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Efficient, high-resolution resonance laser ionization spectroscopy using weak transitions to long-lived excited states

2017

Laser spectroscopic studies on minute samples of exotic radioactive nuclei require very efficient experimental techniques. In addition, high resolving powers are required to allow extraction of nuclear structure information. Here we demonstrate that by using weak atomic transitions, resonance laser ionization spectroscopy is achieved with the required high efficiency (1%–10%) and precision (linewidths of tens of MHz). We illustrate experimentally and through the use of simulations how the narrow experimental linewidths are achieved and how distorted resonance ionization spectroscopy line shapes can be avoided. The role of the delay of the ionization laser pulse with respect to the excitatio…

exotic nucleiPhysics::Atomic Physicsresonance laser ionization spectroscopyexcited states
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