Search results for "jel:L2"

showing 10 items of 30 documents

Knowledge management – a source of sustainable competitiveness in the knowledge based economy

2006

Confirming the well known thesis knowledge is power, A. Toffler argued that the knowledge based society represents the acme of the human society development and P. Drucker said that the developed countries passing through the knowledge based society represents the biggest change of the modern world. That made possible and helped the emerging of the managerial revolution (defined as knowledge applied to knowledge itself) at the firm’s level. Under these circumstances, knowledge has to be seen as a strategic resource – source of competitive advantages and of managerial performances as well. Considering this, a firm’s management have to define a coherent behavioral model in order to seriously …

ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSIONknowledge based society; competitiveness; knowledge management; managerial revolutionjel:D83jel:M19jel:L29
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Offshoring and Sequential Production Chains: A General-Equilibrium Analysis

2021

The Canadian journal of economics = Revue canadienne d'économique (2021). doi:10.1111/caje.12506

Economics and Econometrics330OffshoringGeneral equilibrium theoryTechnological change05 social sciencesjel:F10Trade costjel:D24jel:F23Microeconomicsjel:L23GlobalizationMarket structure0502 economics and businessEconomicsddc:330Production (economics)Offshoring sequential production global production chain task trade050207 economics
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An international cohort comparison of size effects on job growth

2015

The contribution of different-sized businesses to job creation continues to attract policymakers’ attention, however, it has recently been recognized that conclusions about size were confounded with the effect of age. We probe the role of size, controlling for age, by comparing the cohorts of firms born in 1998 over their first decade of life, using variation across half a dozen northern European countries Austria, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the UK to pin down size effects. We find that a very small proportion of the smallest firms play a crucial role in accounting for cross-country differences in job growth. A closer analysis reveals that the initial size distribution and surviv…

Economics and EconometricsEntrepreneurshipLabour economicsDistribution (economics)Firm ageDozenjel:E24Birth cohort; Firm age; Firm size; Firm survival; Firm growthjel:L26Economicsjel:L25Firm growthFirm sizeJob creationCohort comparisonbusiness.industryFirm survivalGeneral Business Management and AccountingDistributed micro-data analysisGeographyVariation (linguistics)birth cohortfirm agefirm sizefirm survivalfirm growthdistributed micro-data analysisjel:M13Demographic economicsBirth cohortbusinessBirth cohort
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Innovation Complementarity and Scale of Production

2006

We present an econometrically feasible model that uses the information contained in the innovation profile of each firm to test for the existence of complementarity among production and innovation strategies. Our approach is able to distinguish between complementarity and correlation induced by unobserved heterogeneity. We apply the model to analyze the Spanish ceramic tile industry where the adoption of the single firing furnace in the 1980's facilitated the introduction of new product designs as well as opening new ways of organizing production. Our econometric results show that there is significant complementarity between product and process innovation. Small firms tend to be more innova…

Economics and Econometricsbusiness.industryProduct innovationjel:C52Innovation processcomplementarity; supermodularity; non-observed heterogeneity; product innovation; process innovationGeneral Business Management and AccountingComplementarity (physics)jel:L20AccountingManufacturingNew product developmentEconomicsjel:O32MarketingbusinessProcess innovationIndustrial organization
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Entrepreneurial optimism and survival

2012

This paper uses entrepreneurs’ survival expectations around the time of market entry and subsequent venture exits to study entrepreneurial optimism. Using data on a large number of nascent entrepreneurs in the US and start-ups in Finland, we find that new entrepreneurs survival beliefs are on average optimistic but heterogeneous: Some are excessively optimistic, whereas a small subset holds unbiased beliefs. Entrepreneurial optimism is increasing in the relative (interpersonal) optimism and decreasing in entrepreneurs level of education and industry experience in both countries. At least in Finland, those holding optimistic views are more likely to transit into entrepreneurship.

EntrepreneurshipOptimismjel:L20media_common.quotation_subjectEconomicsDemographic economicsInterpersonal communicationjel:D21Social psychologyentrepreneurship; survival; optimism; overestimationmedia_common
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On the Internationalization of Corporate Boards

2013

Despite the global reach of their commercial activities, many multinational firms have proved slow in internationalizing their boards of directors. Based on a panel study of the internationalization of the boards of 347 non-financial firms from the Nordic countries, we find a higher fraction of international board membership in firms with more foreign sales, in firms with more foreign ownership and in firms whose shares are traded on foreign (mostly European) stock exchanges. Moreover, we find international directors and national directors with international experience complementary. The first-mentioned group is found to serve a monitoring role, related to financial internationalization of …

Foreign ownershipbusiness.industryCorporate governancejel:G30Internationalization; International directors; International board experience; Board composition; Nomination committee; Corporate governanceAccountingjel:G34jel:F23jel:L22InternationalizationStock exchangeMultinational corporationNominating committeejel:M16business
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Allocating cost reducing investments over competing divisions

2007

This paper examines a three-stage model of divisionalization where, first, two parent firms create independent units, second, the parent firms allocate cost reduction levels over these units, and third, the resulting units compete in a Cournot market given their current costs of production. The introduction of the cost reduction phase is shown to reduce the incentives toward divisionalization severely, relative to other existing models. Namely, the scope for divisionalization in equilibrium reduces as the marginal cost of the cost reducing investment decreases, and eventually vanishes. A second-best welfare analysis shows that, for any given market structure, the equilibrium investment deci…

Marginal costDivisionalization Horizontal Mergers Research Joint VenturesCournot competitionInvestment (macroeconomics)Divisionalization; Horizontal Mergers; Research Joint MergersCost reductionMicroeconomicsjel:L11jel:L22Market structureInvestment decisionsIncentivejel:L13EconomicsProduction (economics)divisionalization horizontal mergers research joint ventures
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Les followers ont-ils vraiment de l'importance dans le modèle de Stackelberg?

2011

In this paper, we consider a T-stage linear model of Stackelberg oligopoly. First, we show geometrically and analytically that under the two conditions of linear market demand and identical constant marginal costs, the T-stage Stackelberg model reduces to a model where T oligopolies exploit residual demand sequentially. At any stage, leaders behave as if followers did not matter. Second, we study social welfare and convergence toward competitive equilibrium. Especially, we consider the velocity of convergence as the number of firms increases. The convergence is faster when reallocating firms from the most to the less populated cohort until equalizing the size of all cohorts.

Marginal costEconomics and Econometricsfollower's output indexíndice de producto del seguidorJEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure Firm Strategy and Market Performance/L.L1.L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Marketsmodèle généralisé de Stackelberggeneralized Stackelberg competitioncompetencia de Stackelberg generalizadaCompetitive equilibriumrazón de descuento del markup del líderSupply and demandlcsh:Economic history and conditionsOligopolyjel:L20JEL : L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure Firm Strategy and Market Performance/L.L1.L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Marketseconomía linealgeneralized Stackelberg competition.Stackelberg competitionEconomicsLeader’s markup discount factor linear economy follower’s output discount factor myopic behavior[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and financesfacteurs d'escompte markupJEL : L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives Organization and Behavior/L.L2.L20 - General[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceHB71-74lcsh:HB71-74Economic history and conditionsLinear modellcsh:Economics as a scienceConvergence (economics)HC10-1085leader's markup discount ratio[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceGeneral Business Management and AccountingJEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives Organization and Behavior/L.L2.L20 - GeneralEconomics as a sciencelinear economyjel:L13leader's markup discount ratio linear economy follower's output index generalized Stackelberg competitionlcsh:HC10-1085économie linéaireStatistics Probability and UncertaintyConstant (mathematics)Mathematical economicsFinanceSocial Sciences (miscellaneous)
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Performance and international investments in microfinance institutions

2013

Preprint of the published version of an article from Strategic Change Using data from 319 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in 68 developing countries, we study the degree to which international debt investments are related to the financial and social performances of MFIs. We find that commercial investments are mainly related to financial performance and level of professionalisation of the MFIs. The targeting of women is not a priority, even though international commercial investors target MFIs that provide small loans. Subsidised investments, however, are mainly driven by the targeting of women, while financial performance and the level of professionalisation of the MFI is not a priority.

MicrofinanceFinancial performancemicrofinance; commercialisation; socially responsible investors; microfinance investment vehicles; social performanceDeveloping countryFinancial systemExternal debtjel:G23law.inventionjel:G11jel:L20lawVDP::Social science: 200::Economics: 210::Economics: 212Corporate social responsibilityjel:O17jel:O16Business
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Headquarters’ Control Capacity and the Choice of R&D Organizational Forms Abroad

2013

International audience; Recently, regarding globalization, the decentralization of R&D activities abroad by multinational companies (MNCs) has become important in developed countries. However, academic research has not given this topic sufficient attention. This paper explains how the efficiency of control and incentive mechanisms may affect the choice of organizational forms by MNCs that decentralize their R&D activities abroad. We identify five main organizational forms: wholly owned green-field subsidiary, wholly owned acquired subsidiary, joint venture, cross-licensing agreements, and unilateral licensing agreements. A questionnaire addressed to the R&D managers of American and European…

Multinational Companies[SHS.GESTION.STRAT-POL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration/domain_shs.gestion.strat-pol[ SHS.GESTION.COMPTA ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration/domain_shs.gestion.comptaR&DJEL : M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M1 - Business Administration/M.M1.M16 - International Business Administration[SHS.GESTION.COMPTA] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration/domain_shs.gestion.compta[SHS.GESTION.STRAT-POL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration/domain_shs.gestion.strat-polJEL: F - International Economics/F.F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business/F.F2.F23 - Multinational Firms • International BusinessJEL: O - Economic Development Innovation Technological Change and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D[SHS.GESTION.COMPTA]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration/domain_shs.gestion.comptajel:F23Foreign Investmentsjel:L22Organizational FormsJEL : O - Economic Development Innovation Technological Change and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&DR&D;foreign investments;multinational companies;control mechanisms;organizational Forms.JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M1 - Business Administration/M.M1.M16 - International Business AdministrationJEL : F - International Economics/F.F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business/F.F2.F23 - Multinational Firms • International BusinessControl MechanismsJEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives Organization and Behavior/L.L2.L24 - Contracting Out • Joint Ventures • Technology LicensingJEL : L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives Organization and Behavior/L.L2.L24 - Contracting Out • Joint Ventures • Technology Licensing
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