Search results for "lääketiede"

Evaluation of training in guideline-oriented biopsychosocial management of low back pain in occupational health services:Protocol of a cluster random…

2021

Background To prevent low back pain (LBP) from developing into a prolonged disabling condition, clinical guidelines advocate early stage assessment, risk‐screening, and tailored interventions. Occupational health services recommend guideline‐oriented biopsychosocial screening and individualized assessment and management. However, it is not known whether training a limited number of health care professionals improves the management process. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether training in the biopsychosocial practice model is effective in reducing disability. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate health‐economic impacts of the training intervention in comparison to usual m…

Factors associated with decision-making on prophylactic hysterectomy and attitudes towards gynecological surveillance among women with Lynch syndrome…

2020

AbstractTo prevent endometrial carcinoma in Lynch syndrome (LS), regular gynecological surveillance visits and prophylactic surgery are recommended. Previous data have shown that prophylactic hysterectomy is an effective means of cancer prevention, while the advantages and disadvantages of surveillance are somewhat unclear. We aimed to evaluate female LS carriers’ attitudes towards regular gynecological surveillance and factors influencing their decision-making on prophylactic surgery that have not been well documented. Pain experienced during endometrial biopsies was also evaluated. Postal questionnaires were sent to LS carriers undergoing regular gynecological surveillance. Questionnaires…

Lynch Syndrome Genetics and Clinical Implications

2023

Lynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most prevalent hereditary cancer syndromes in humans and accounts for some 3% of unselected patients with colorectal or endometrial cancer and 10%-15% of those with DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Previous studies have established the genetic basis of LS predisposition, but there have been significant advances recently in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of LS tumors, which has important implications in clinical management. At the same time, immunotherapy has revolu-tionized the treatment of advanced cancers with DNA mismatch repair defects. We aim to review the recent prog-ress in the LS field and discuss how the accumulating epidemiol…

DNA-Based Enzyme Reactors and Systems

2016

During recent years, the possibility to create custom biocompatible nanoshapes using DNA as a building material has rapidly emerged. Further, these rationally designed DNA structures could be exploited in positioning pivotal molecules, such as enzymes, with nanometer-level precision. This feature could be used in the fabrication of artificial biochemical machinery that is able to mimic the complex reactions found in living cells. Currently, DNA-enzyme hybrids can be used to control (multi-enzyme) cascade reactions and to regulate the enzyme functions and the reaction pathways. Moreover, sophisticated DNA structures can be utilized in encapsulating active enzymes and delivering the molecular…

Unraveling the interaction between doxorubicin and DNA origami nanostructures for customizable chemotherapeutic drug release

2021

We thank Dr H. Häkkänen for technical assistance and S. Julin for the 24HB DNA origami design. We acknowledge the provision of facilities and technical support by Aalto University Bioeconomy Facilities and OtaNano – Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). The research was carried out under the Academy of Finland Centres of Excellence Programme (2014–2019). Academy of Finland [308578 to M.A.K.]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Emmy Noether Programme to A.H.-J., SFB1032 (Project A06) to T.L.]; Emil Aaltonen Foundation [to H.I. and V.L.]; Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation [to J.A.I. and V.L.]; Sigrid Jusélius Foundation [to V.L.]; Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Foundation of the Finnish Academy of Sc…

Health endowment and later-life outcomes in the labour market : Evidence using genetic risk scores and reduced-form models

2019

This paper examines the relationship between health endowment and later-life outcomes in the labour market. The analysis is based on reduced-form models in which labour market outcomes are regressed on genetic variants related to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We use linked Finnish data that have many strengths. Genetic risk scores constitute exogenous measures for health endowment, and accurate administrative tax records on earnings, employment and social income transfers provide a comprehensive account of an individual’s long-term performance in the labour market. The results show that although the direction of an effect is generally consistent with theoretical reasoning, …

Requirement analysis for an artificial intelligence model for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 from chest X-ray data

2021

There are multiple papers published about different AI models for the COVID-19 diagnosis with promising results. Unfortunately according to the reviews many of the papers do not reach the level of sophistication needed for a clinically usable model. In this paper I go through multiple review papers, guidelines, and other relevant material in order to generate more comprehensive requirements for the future papers proposing a AI based diagnosis of the COVID-19 from chest X-ray data (CXR). Main findings are that a clinically usable AI needs to have an extremely good documentation, comprehensive statistical analysis of the possible biases and performance, and an explainability module.

Reports on Encounters of Medical Cultures: Two Physicians in Sweden’s Medical and Colonial Connections in the Late Eighteenth Century

2019

Kontturi’s chapter focuses on two Swedish physicians reporting from London and Caribbean Swedish colony St. Barthélemy to Swedish medical college in 1798. The emphasis is on their participation in the global networks of colonial medicine, shaping and sharing medical information from colonies outside of Europe. Their reports show how they promoted the hybridisation of different medical cultures with their distinctly open-minded curiosity towards new information, which was in line with the old Linnaean tradition of scientific travelling. The chapter also draws attention to their impact on how global diseases such as syphilis and smallpox were managed and treated in their own sphere of influen…

Emotionally Neglected or Deviant? Treating Childhood Neuroses in Communist Hungary during the Early 1960s

2018

Lääketiede, huumeriippuvuus ja huumeriippuvuuden hoito Suomessa 1965–2005

2010

Huumeriippuvuuden hoitoa koskeva keskustelu on kahden viime vuosikymmenen aikana keskittynyt Suomessa paljolti kysymykseen opioidiriippuvuuden lääkkeellisestä korvaushoidosta. Artikkelissa etsitään historiallisesta näkökulmasta vastausta siihen mitkä huumeriippuvuutta koskevassa lääketieteellisessä tietomuodossa ja hoitotavoissa tapahtuneet muutokset vuosina 1965–2005 edistivät korvaushoitojen läpimurtoa Suomessa. Käytetty aineisto koostuu pääasiallisesti Suomen Lääkärilehdessä ja Aikakauskirja Duodecimissa julkaistuista teksteistä. Aineiston analyysi perustui Michel Foucault’n kehittelemään historiallisen tutkimuksen välineistöön. Korvaushoitojen läpimurto liittyy biologisen paradigman nou…