Search results for "l2"
showing 10 items of 413 documents
Le choix de la forme organisationnelle en matière d’investissement en R&D à l’étranger par les firmes multinationales:la contribution de la théorie d…
2008
(VF)L’objectif de ce papier est d’évaluer la contribution de la théorie des coûts de transaction à l’explication du choix du mode de gouvernance des activités de R&D à l’étranger par les firmes multinationales. Nous avons identifié principalement trois grandes formes organisationnelles en matière d’investissement en R&D à l’étranger:l’internalisation totale, les alliances en R&D et l’externalisation totale (licences unilatérales). Suite à une étude quantitative par le biais d’un questionnaire diffusé auprès de 769 firmes multinationales, nos principaux résultats montrent que le choix de l’internalisation des activités de R&D est favorisé en cas de fréquence élevée des transactions, le choix…
Al2O3 ALD films grown using TMA + rare isotope 2H216O and 1H218O precursors
2021
In this work hydrogen and oxygen migration and exchange reactions in the atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 thin films were studied together with hydrogen incorporation by varying deposition parameters. Al2O3 films deposited at low temperatures can contain more than 20 at. % of hydrogen. Both higher temperature and longer purge length decrease the hydrogen and carbon concentrations significantly. In order to track the hydrogen and oxygen movement in the films, heavy water (2H216O) and oxygen-18 enriched water (1H218O) were used as precursors in combination with trimethylaluminium (TMA). Different isotopes of the same element were quantified by means of time-of-flight elastic recoil detectio…
L2-L1 Translation Priming Effects in a Lexical Decision Task: Evidence From Low Proficient Korean-English Bilinguals
2018
One of the key issues in bilingual lexical representation is whether L1 processing is facilitated by L2 words. In this study, we conducted two experiments using the masked priming paradigm to examine how L2-L1 translation priming effects emerge when unbalanced, low proficiency, Korean-English bilinguals performed a lexical decision task. In Experiment 1, we used a 150 ms SOA (50 ms prime duration followed by a blank interval of 100 ms) and found a significant L2-L1 translation priming effect. In contrast, in Experiment 2, we used a 60 ms SOA (50 ms prime duration followed by a blank interval of 10 ms) and found a null effect of L2-L1 translation priming. This finding is the first demonstrat…
Responsiveness to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade in SB28 and GL261 mouse glioma models.
2018
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is currently evaluated in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), based on encouraging clinical data in other cancers, and results from studies with the methylcholanthrene-induced GL261 mouse glioma. In this paper, we describe a novel model faithfully recapitulating some key human GBM characteristics, including low mutational load, a factor reported as a prognostic indicator of ICB response. Consistent with this observation, SB28 is completely resistant to ICB, contrasting with treatment sensitivity of the more highly mutated GL261. Moreover, SB28 shows features of a poorly immunogenic tumor, with low MHC-I expression and modest CD8(+) T-cell infiltration, suggest…
Leukotriene B4-loaded microspheres: a new therapeutic strategy to modulate cell activation
2008
AbstractBackgroundLeukotriene B4(LTB4) is a potent inflammatory mediator that also stimulates the immune response. In addition, it promotes polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis, chemotaxis, chemokinesis and modulates cytokines release. Regarding chemical instability of the leukotriene molecule, in the present study we assessed the immunomodulatory activities conferred by LTB4released from microspheres (MS). A previous oil-in-water emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation method was chosen to prepare LTB4-loaded MS.ResultsIn the mice cremasteric microcirculation, intraescrotal injection of 0.1 ml of LTB4-loaded MS provoked significant increases in leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion and emig…
Emerging Constructions in the L2 Italian Spoken by Low Literate Migrants
2019
The emergence of autonomous interlanguage constructions is widely recognised in the literature on L2 Italian. These constructions involve the overgeneralisation of functional forms learners are in the process of acquiring, e.g., siamo in siamo mangiare &lsquo
La clase de lengua en secundaria como aula de E/LE: cómo aplicar algunas herramientas de L2
2013
El alumnado no nativo en secundaria obligatoria (ESO) requiere una atención y una adaptación curricular específicas, por lo que el profesorado ha de emplear las estrategias necesarias para que pueda adquirir en poco tiempo la lengua vehicular, imprescindible para poder progresar en el resto de materias. La obligatoriedad de este nivel educativo y las exigencias para poder promocionar dificultan el proceso, especialmente a la hora de aplicar los criterios de evaluación y de calificar al alumno. Una alternativa complementaria a la evaluación oficial la constituyen los materiales y herramientas de E/LE, puesto que permiten valorar los progresos lingüísticos del alumno y comprobar el grado de c…
Inlärningen av de svenska tonaccenterna hos finska S2-talare – automatiseras uttalet?
2016
Swedish has two tone accents, accents 1 and 2. There are approximately 350 minimal pairs such as ánd-en (duck) and ànde-n (spirit) differentiated only by tone accent. As all stressed words in Swedish have a tone accent, tones are important for achieving nativelike pronunciation. However, this is a challenging task for L2 speakers. In Swedish, the tone accents are potentially difficult both acoustically (cf. phonetic realization) and lexically (cf. morphological distribution). The present study focuses on the learning of Central Swedish tones by advanced L2 speakers with Finnish as their L1 (n = 10). The aim is to reveal if the learning of tones is a realistic goal for advanced adult learner…
The Impacts of LBOs on the Performance of Acquired Firms: The French Case
2002
This paper investigates the financial characteristics and changes in performance of French companies involved in a leveraged buy-out. The empirical study covers a sample of 161 MBOs in France from 1988 to 1994. The acquired firms outperform their counterparts in the same sector of activity before and after the buy-out. However, unlike findings concerning LBOs in the USA and the UK, the performance of French firms falls after the operation is completed. This downturn in performance seems to be less detrimental to former subsidiaries of groups than to former family businesses.
La questione del testo letterario negli apprendenti cinesi: regola, creatività, grammatica
2022
This paper explores how Chinese-speaking students approach and represent Italian literary texts. The author refers to Chinese-speaking students of Italian, about whom he has on-the-job experience. The introduction emphasizes how Chinese culture and philosophy, pivoting around the ideal of harmony, befit the textual teaching in Italian language, within the Romance cultural and linguistic context, where the fracture, the Dyonisian, the textual pathos, are important concepts. The subject is approached with a two-fold perspective. The first is more general and expresses the need for an integrated and dynamic encounter between Chinese and Italian culture. The second is more specific and consider…