Search results for "lactone"
showing 10 items of 335 documents
Modulation of COX, LOX and NFκB activities by Xanthium spinosum L. root extract and ziniolide.
2012
Xanthium spinosum L. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal weed distributed worldwide. Many of its diverse ethnopharmacological uses - namely diarrhoea, inflammation, liver disorders, snake bite and fever - are linked - at least in part - to an uncontrolled release of arachidonic acid metabolites. The crude extract of X. spinosum roots from Jordanian origin dose-dependently inhibited the 5-LOX (IC50 is approximately equal to 10 μg/mL), COX-1(IC50 is approximately equal to 50 μg/mL), and 12-LOX (IC50 is approximately equal to 170 μg/mL) enzymatic pathways in intact pro-inflammatory cells. A direct activity at the level of PLA2 is not probable, but the extract induced the synthesis of the anti-inflamma…
Characterization of the interaction of the antifungal and cytotoxic cyclic glycolipopeptide hassallidin with sterol-containing lipid membranes.
2019
Hassallidins are cyclic glycolipopeptides produced by cyanobacteria and other prokaryotes. The hassallidin structure consists of a peptide ring of eight amino acids where a fatty acid chain, additional amino acids, and sugar moieties are attached. Hassallidins show antifungal activity against several opportunistic human pathogenic fungi, but does not harbor antibacterial effects. However, they have not been studied on mammalian cells, and the mechanism of action is unknown. We purified hassallidin D from cultured cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. UHCC 0258 and characterized its effect on mammalian and fungal cells. Ultrastructural analysis showed that hassallidin D disrupts cell membranes, causin…
Effects of soyasaponin I and soyasaponins-rich extract on the Alternariol-induced cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells
2015
Abstract Alternariol (AOH) is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp. Soyasaponin I (Ss-I) is present naturally in legumes, and it has antioxidant properties. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of AOH have been demonstrated previously in vitro. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of AOH, Ss-I, and soyasaponins-rich extract from lentils was investigated; as well as, the cytoprotective effects of Ss-I and lentil extracts against AOH induced-cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells. Cytotoxicity was carried out using MTT and PC assays (AOH: 3.125–100 µM, Ss-I: 3.125–50 µM, and lentil extracts: 1:0–1:32) during 24 h of exposure. Only AOH showed cytotoxic effect. The reduction in cell proliferation ranged f…
Oxidative stress of alternariol in Caco-2 cells
2014
Alternariol (AOH) is a mycotoxin produced by fungus Alternaria. It is found in a wide variety of fruits and cereals products. AOH is able to damage human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AOH in human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Moreover, some events related to oxidative stress were evaluated: reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; peroxidation of lipid (LPO) by malondialdehyde (MDA) production; and antioxidant enzymatic capability of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Cytotoxicity of AOH (from 3.125 to 100 μM) was determined during 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure by different endpo…
Alternariol-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Protective effect of the phenolic fraction from virgin olive oil.
2014
The extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been associated to antioxidant effects. The mycotoxin alternariol (AOH) can contaminate olives. The aims of this work were to determine the cytotoxic effects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by AOH, tyrosol and oleuropein (two polyphenols of olive oil) and a real EVOO extract in Caco-2 cells. The MTT assay and the ROS production by the H2-DCFDA probe were used. Results demonstrated that AOH reduces cellular proliferation depending on concentration, whereas tyrosol and oleuropein did not (12.5-100 μM). The combination of AOH + oleuropein (50 μM) increased cell proliferation (24%) whereas, AOH + tyrosol decreased (47%) it. Besides, AOH increased…
ChemInform Abstract: Acetogenins from Annonaceae
2010
In 1982, Jolad et al. isolated uvaricin, a new antitumor agent, from the roots of Uvaria acuminata (Annonaceae), a bis-tetrahydrofuranoid fatty acid lactone (1) related to polyketides or acetogenins. However, it contained a number of original structural characteristics, particularly a linear acetogenin, a bis-tetrahydrofuran pattern flanked by hydroxyls and a terminal unsaturated lactone. Two years later, Dabrah and Sneden (2, 3 and Cortes et al. (4) described four new products presenting the same structural characteristics. Because these products formed a new class of natural compounds, and are only found in species belonging to the family of Annonaceae, they are commonly called acetogenin…
Involvement of acyl coenzyme A oxidase isozymes in biotransformation of methyl ricinoleate into gamma-decalactone by Yarrowia lipolytica.
2000
ABSTRACT We reported previously on the function of acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) oxidase isozymes in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica by investigating strains disrupted in one or several acyl-CoA oxidase-encoding genes ( POX1 through POX5 ) (H. Wang et al., J. Bacteriol. 181:5140–5148, 1999). Here, these mutants were studied for lactone production. Monodisrupted strains produced similar levels of lactone as the wild-type strain (50 mg/liter) except for Δ pox3 , which produced 220 mg of γ-decalactone per liter after 24 h. The Δ pox2 Δpox3 double-disrupted strain, although slightly affected in growth, produced about 150 mg of lactone per liter, indicating that Aox2p was not essential for the biotra…
Performance of polyester-based electrospun scaffolds under in vitro hydrolytic conditions: From short-term to long-term applications
2019
The evaluation of the performance of polyesters under in vitro physiologic conditions is essential to design scaffolds with an adequate lifespan for a given application. In this line, the degradation-durability patterns of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polydioxanone (PDO), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) scaffolds were monitored and compared giving, as a result, a basis for the specific design of scaffolds from short-term to long-term applications. For this purpose, they were immersed in ultra-pure water and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 °
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of a novel inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression
2009
Abstract In a previous study, we reported a new γ-hydroxybutenolide derivative, 4-benzo[ b ]thiophen-2-yl-3-bromo-5-hydroxy-5 H -furan-2-one (BTH), as inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression in lypopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 and TPH-1 cells, without affecting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In this study, we evaluated the in vivo effect of BTH on some acute and chronic inflammatory animal models in relation to its inhibitory profile on mPGES-1 expression. In the zymosan-induced mouse air pouch model, BTH produced a dose-dependent inhibition of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production and mPGES-1 protein expression in pouch exudates without any effect on…
Experimental evidence of pharmacological management of anchorage in Orthodontics: A systematic review
2015
Introduction: Orthodontic anchorage is one of the most challenging aspects of Orthodontics. Preventing undesired movement of teeth could result in safer and less complicated orthodontic treatment. Recently, several reviews have been published about the effects of different molecules on bone physiology and the clinical side effects in Orthodontics. However, the effects of local application of these substances on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement have not been assessed.Objectives: The aim of this research was to analyze the scientific evidence published in the literature about the effects of different molecules on orthodontic anchorage.Methods: The literature was systematically reviewed …