Search results for "language.human_language"

Agricultural Policy and the Struggle over the Destiny of Collective Farms in Estonia

1999

The principal goal of several Estonian governments has been the privatization of agriculture, replacing large collective farms with western family farms. This has happened despite a clear majority of kolkhoz and sovkhoz workers who favoured preserving the system of large-scale farms. The abstract restitutionalist and ultra-liberalist ideas became a fixed dogma, unconnected with resolving immediate pragmatic problems, because government policy was not articulated with the interests of the agricultural population. Nevertheless, the large-scale system has been partially preserved thanks to the resistance of the rural population. In many respects the outcome of decollectivization also depended …

Mental States of Addiction

2015

An increasing number of studies have examined lay meanings of addiction. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a generalized conception of an addiction mind-set was evident in the beliefs of a sample of 1,062 Norwegian adults responding to an online survey. The respondents were given a rating task in the following form: “Addiction to [substance/behavior] is/represents [descriptive term].” For each of the nine different addictive behaviors (cocaine, cannabis, alcohol, gambling, smoking, amphetamine, sedatives, snus, and heroin), the respondents rated their endorsement of 11 descriptive terms (mental states): reduced self-determination, obsession, strong urge, strong appetite, stro…

Assessment of Organizational Trust: Preliminary Data for Romanian Adaptation of the Organizational Trust Inventory Short Form

2013

Abstract In the last years, trust became an important variable in regard to the well-being of organizations. In Romania, it was included in studies as a variable but there are few instruments that measure organizational trust. Therefore I identify a necessity for developing instruments useful in assessing and promoting any organizational adjustments. This paper presents the preliminary data obtained in the process of adaptation of OTI for the Romanian population. In doing so, we followed the guidelines of ITC. Using a sample of 108 employees the psychometric results show that OTI-RO has a high level of internal consistency reliability (a = 0.94) and it can be used exclusive for equivalent p…

2021

The Depressive and Anxious Avoidance in Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (DAAPGQ) was developed to measure depressive and anxious avoidance behaviors, which, according to cognitive-behavioral models, are supposed to play an important role in the development and maintenance of prolonged grief. The present study aimed to develop a German version of the DAAPGQ and evaluate its psychometric properties and validity within a representative sample of the German general population (N = 2531). The German-language DAAPGQ was developed using a forward-backward translation procedure. Then, a subsample of individuals who reported having lost a significant other (N = 1371) of a representative sample was ass…

2019

The Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS), consisting of 57 items, is an instrument for measuring chronic stress in nine areas. There is also a short form (SSCS) of the TICS consisting of 12 items. However, this 12-item short form does not include all nine areas of the theoretical model and the long version. Therefore, a short version including all nine scales/areas was investigated. The TICS was taken by a sample of N = 2,473 respondents from the general population, aged 14 to 99, selected by random-route sampling. Confirmatory factor analyses applying robust maximum likelihood estimations (MLM) tested the model fit. The one-factor-model proposed by the original authors was tested, and…

Socially Responsible Investing and Public Pension Fund Performance in Latvia

2018

Currently Latvia runs a three-pillar pension system. Despite positive dynamics of change of net assets of pension schemes, investments into pension programs are not regarded as financial products that could be popular amongst the population of Latvia. This problem is one of the key social economic issues in society and therefore its solution, which should be developed with consideration of ethical principles of investment, is socially important, which is why it should be addressed by the state. The aim of this research is to consider social and economic aspects of activities of the 2nd pillar pension fund in Latvia and to identify the attitude of Latvian residents to investments into pensio…

Amateur doping: a survey on Sicilian population

2019

In the last years, amateur doping phenomenon has caused many victims. In order to know the diffusion of this phenomenon, we conducted an online survey thanks to Google forms. We also converted on paper the same questionnaire and we administered it in many gyms in Palermo and Trapani (Sicily, Italy). The examined sample consists of 976 people aged between 14 and 65 (47.3% of them are women and 52.7% are men). We asked them if they had ever taken substances to improve their athletic performances: 25.8% of them answered affirmatively and declared to take protein, amino acids, but also Ephedrine, Caffeine, Aspirin on a regular basis (34.6%). They bought these substances in sporting stores (32.2…

A Research Project about Communism in Romanian Countryside: Ploughmen’s Front Propaganda (1944-1953)

2013

The Ploughmen Front represented the strongest and the oldest “comrade” of the Communist Party from Romania, with a major role in the countryside communization. In general, the studies dedicated to Romania communization focused on institutionalization of the regime, liquidation of democratic order, repression, anticommunist resistance and less on the transformations undergone by the Romanian countryside. The only important issue was the agriculture collectivization. Our project takes into consideration a new approach, which is the research of the way communism became popular in the rural areas, which meant 80% of the Romanian population, how the popularity of the historical parties was dislo…

The Szlonzokian Ethnolect in the Context of German and Polish Nationalisms1

2008

This article analyzes the emergence of the Szlonzokian ethnic group or proto-nation in the context of the use of language as an instrument of nationalism in Central Europe. When language was legislated into the statistical measure of nationality in the second half of the nineteenth century, Berlin pressured the Slavophone Catholic peasant-cum-worker population of Upper Silesia to become ‘proper Germans’. Polish ennationalizing pressure was added after the division of Upper Silesia between Poland and Germany in 1922. Ennationalizing policies changed in 1939 when the entire region was reincorporated into wartime Germany and, again, in 1945 following Poland's annexation of Upper Silesia. Frequ…

The Diversity of the Philippine Population

2017

A country of many islands, the Philippines is also a country of many languages. The Tagalog language of Manila has been chosen as the base of the national Pilipino language, even if Cebuano counts as many speakers. The languages of the Philippines have common grammatical structures, but wide differences in vocabulary. Contrary to Latin America where Spanish and Portuguese became the dominant languages, Spanish did not dominate the local languages, since colonial priests preferred to learn local languages rather than teaching Spanish to their flocks. English, as the second colonial language, is spoken much more, since the Americans educated Filipinos in English as part of their “benevolent a…