Search results for "larynx"
showing 10 items of 72 documents
Physical activity and laryngeal cancer
2019
Although an active lifestyle physical has been convincingly associated with a decreased risk of developing many forms of cancers, including neck and head malignancies, uncertainty surrounds the relationship between physical activity (PA) and laryngeal carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic evidence, garnered from some well-conducted cross-sectional, prospective and retrospective studies, seemingly attests that the impact of PA may be not so straightforward in lowering laryngeal cancer risk as for other malignancies. Reasonable consensus has been reached that moderate-intensity PA may generate the larger potential benefits, whilst the effect of high-intensity PA appears more controversial and even co…
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer—More than Just a Comorbidity?
2021
Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type of sleep-disordered breathing with growing prevalence. Its presence has been associated with poor quality of life and serious comorbidities. There is increasing evidence for coexisting obstructive sleep apnea in patients suffering from head and neck cancer, a condition that ranks among the top ten most common types of cancer worldwide. Routinely, patients with head and neck cancer are treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or a combination of these, all possibly interfering with the anatomy of the oral cavity, pharynx or larynx. Thus, cancer treatment might worsen already existing obstructive sleep apnea or trigge…
Zastosowanie CFD w ocenie drożności górnych dróg oddechowych
2016
Obliczeniowa dynamika płynów (CFD) to szybko rozwijająca się dziedzina nauki, mająca szereg zastosowań praktyc - znych. Od lat używana jest w aerodynamice, inżynierii, hydraulice, meteorologii, budownictwie oraz wielu innych dziedz - inach. Pierwsze publikacje dotyczące użycia CFD w medycynie dotyczyły przede wszystkim pulmonologii i kardiologii, czyli dziedzin, w których dynamiczne właściwości gazu i płynu odgrywają ważną rolę w prawidłowym funkcjonowa - niu organizmu. W laryngologii CFD umożliwia pomiar oraz wizualizację dynamicznie zmieniających się parametrów przepływu powietrza w górnych drogach oddechowych.
Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A practical approach
2017
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common head and neck cancer. This review describes the state-of-the-art computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging protocols of the neck and the normal larynx anatomy, and provides a practical approach for the diagnosis and staging of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Numerical simulation of glottal flow
2012
In cases of permanent immobility of both vocal folds patients have difficulties with breathing but rarely with voicing. However, clinical experience shows that the shape of the larynx (voice box) seems to have a significant influence on the degree of airflow and breathing pattern. In order to find an optimal geometry of the larynx in terms of easiness for breathing after the surgical change of vocal folds or false vocal cords (ventricular folds), a set of numerical simulations of glottal flow for weakly compressible Navier-Stokes equations has been performed. We compare airflow resistance and volumetric flow rate for several geometry concepts for inspiration as well as expiration. Finally, …
Anestesisykepleieres metoder for å kontrollere cufftrykk – en observasjonsstudie
2021
Bakgrunn: Forskning viser at pasienter i generell anestesi som har fått sine luftveier sikret med en larynxmaske eller en endotrakealtube opplever postoperative pharyngolaryngeale komplikasjoner. Et kontrollert cufftrykk har vist reduksjon i komplikasjoner.
 Hensikt: Hensikten med studien var å undersøke hvilke metoder anestesisykepleiere bruker for å kontrollere cufftrykk, og hvilke begrunnelser de har for å bruke cufftrykkmanometer.
 Metode: Totalt 45 anestesisykepleiere ble observert når de kontrollerte cufftrykket i en endotrakealtube og en larynxmaske. Anestesisykepleierne ble i tillegg spurt om hvilke begrunnelser de hadde for å bruke eller ikke bruke cufftrykkmanometer.�…
TP53 mutations and S-phase fraction but not DNA-ploidy are independent prognostic indicators in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
2005
To prospectively evaluate the prognostic significance of TP53, H-, K-, and N-Ras mutations, DNA-ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) in patients affected by locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Eight-one patients (median follow-up was 71 months) who underwent resective surgery for primary operable locally advanced LSCC were analyzed. Tumor DNA was screened for mutational analysis by PCR/SSCP and sequencing. DNA-ploidy and SPF were performed by flow cytometric analyses. Thirty-six patients (44%) had, at least, a mutation in the TP53 gene. Of them, 22% (8/36) had double mutations and 3% (1/36) had triple mutations. In total, 46 TP53 mutations were observed. The majority (41…
Clinical studies of sudden upper airway obstruction in patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.
2003
Background Hereditary angioedema due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency is clinically characterized by recurrent and self-limiting skin, intestinal, and laryngeal edema. Asphyxiation by laryngeal edema is the main cause of death among patients who die of hereditary angioedema. This study describes the age at which laryngeal edema first occurs, the time between onset and full development, and the effectiveness of therapy and prophylaxis. Methods Information on 123 patients with hereditary angioedema was obtained from medical histories and reports by the general practitioners, emergency physicians, and hospitals involved. Results Sixty-one patients (49.6%) experienced a total of 596 laryngea…
Vocal function following laser and conventional surgery of small malignant vocal fold tumours
1996
AbstractIn the disecribed study, 26 patients after conventional, and 27 patients after laser cordectomy were examined six months or more after the operation. Videolarybogstroboscopy revealed that patients after laser cordectomy more often phonate on a purely glottic level (81 per cent) in comparison to patienbts after conventional cordectomy (19 per cent). Webs were more frequent and more extended after conventional cordectomy compared to endoscopic laser surgery. The maximal phonation time showed a very wide range with a mean value of 9 to 10 sec; there was no statistical difference between the groups of patients. Using yanagihara's classification of sonograms, a better voice quality was m…
Risk of laryngeal edema and facial swellings after tooth extraction in patients with hereditary angioedema with and without prophylaxis with C1 inhib…
2010
Objective Tooth extractions may trigger clinical symptoms of hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH). The aim of this study was to determine how many tooth extractions were followed by symptoms of HAE-C1-INH in patients with and without preoperative short-term prophylaxis with C1 inhibitor concentrate. Study design Tooth extractions and clinical symptoms of HAE-C1-INH were determined from clinical record files of 171 patients with HAE-C1-INH. Results Facial swelling or potentially life-threatening laryngeal edema, or both, occurred in 124/577 tooth extractions (21.5%) without prophylaxis. Similar symptoms occurred in a fewer proportion of patients undergoing extrac…