Search results for "laser"

showing 10 items of 3161 documents

Towards the development of a fossil bone geochemical standard: An inter-laboratory study

2007

Ten international laboratories participated in an inter-laboratory comparison of a fossil bone composite with the objective of producing a matrix and structure-matched reference material for studies of the bio-mineralization of ancient fossil bone. We report the major and trace element compositions of the fossil bone composite, using in-situ method as well as various wet chemical digestion techniques. For major element concentrations, the intra-laboratory analytical precision (%RSDr) ranges from 7 to 18%, with higher percentages for Ti and K. The %RSDr are smaller than the inter-laboratory analytical precision (%RSDR; 100% was found for the high field strength elements (Hf, Th, Zr, Nb). The…

Biogenic phosphateChemical compositionMineralogychemistry.chemical_elementFossil boneFossil bone/tooth010502 geochemistry & geophysics01 natural sciencesBiochemistryBone and BonesMass SpectrometryAnalytical ChemistryMatrix (chemical analysis)[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistryApatitesEnvironmental ChemistryAnimalsHigh field strengthInter-laboratoryChemical compositionSpectroscopy0105 earth and related environmental sciencesStrontiumChemistryRare-earth elementFossilsLasers010401 analytical chemistryTrace elementReproducibility of ResultsReference StandardsOrganophosphates0104 chemical sciencesTrace ElementsMetals Rare EarthReference material
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Ultrafast myoglobin structural dynamics observed with an X-ray free-electron laser.

2014

Light absorption can trigger biologically relevant protein conformational changes. The light-induced structural rearrangement at the level of a photoexcited chromophore is known to occur in the femtosecond timescale and is expected to propagate through the protein as a quake-like intramolecular motion. Here we report direct experimental evidence of such ‘proteinquake’ observed in myoglobin through femtosecond X-ray solution scattering measurements performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray free-electron laser. An ultrafast increase of myoglobin radius of gyration occurs within 1 picosecond and is followed by a delayed protein expansion. As the system approaches equilibrium it underg…

Biologia Strutturale[PHYS]Physics [physics]Quantitative Biology::BiomoleculesPhotolysisTime FactorsLight[SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM]BiofisicaMyoglobinProtein ConformationLasers[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph]Dinamica delle ProteineMolecular Dynamics SimulationCrystallography X-RayBiological sciences Biochemistry BiophysicsSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Article[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph][SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/BiophysicsAnimalsHorsessense organsPhysics::Chemical Physics
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Laser Ablation of Hybrid Perovskite Bulks into Nanoparticles: Adamantylammonium Halides as Ligands and Halide Sources

2019

BiomaterialsLaser ablationMaterials sciencePhotoluminescenceNanocrystalRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentMaterials ChemistryEnergy Engineering and Power TechnologyNanoparticleHalidePhotochemistryPerovskite (structure)ChemNanoMat
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Handheld laser-fiber vibrometry probe for assessing auditory ossicles displacement

2021

Significance: Measurements of auditory ossicles displacement are commonly carried out by means of laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV), which is considered to be a gold standard. The limitation of the LDV method, especially for in vivo measurements, is the necessity to expose an object in a straight line to a laser beam operating from a distance. An alternative to this approach is the use of a handheld laser-fiber vibrometry probe (HLFVP) with a curved tip. Aim: We evaluate the feasibility of an HLFVP with a curved tip for measuring sound-induced displacement of the auditory ossicles. Approach: A handheld vibrometer probe guiding the laser beam with a fiber-optic cable was used for displacement m…

BiomaterialsPaperSensinglaser-fiber vibrometerhandheld probeBiomedical Engineeringlaser-Doppler vibrometermiddle ear surgeryAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticsmiddle ear mechanicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsJournal of Biomedical Optics
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Er:Cr:YSGG laser with electrooptic PLZT ceramics Q-switching Fabry-Perot interferometer output mirror

2001

Summary form only given. Q-switching of Er:Cr:YSGG laser with transparent PLZT ceramics electro-optic modulators was reported previously. The extremely large quadratic EO effect in PLZT allows to build small size moderate control voltages. The high induced birefringence in PLZT results from an essential contribution to polarization (and consequently to the birefringence) of processes with longer relaxation times up to seconds, corresponding to the Er:Cr:YSGG laser operating rate. PLZT ceramics have also a high value of the refractive index (n /spl ap/ 2.2-2.3 for /spl lambda/ = 3 /spl mu/m, slightly depending on PLZT composition and temperature) and thus considerable Fresnel reflections R/s…

BirefringenceKerr effectMaterials sciencebusiness.industrychemistry.chemical_elementLaserQ-switchinglaw.inventionErbiumOpticschemistrylawSapphireOptoelectronicsbusinessRefractive indexFabry–Pérot interferometerTechnical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Postconference Technical Digest (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37170)
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Laser-induced anisotropy in terbium-gallium garnet

1998

Ga5O12 crystal when illuminated at the terbium ion resonance, becomes optically uniaxial. The optical axis is found to be along the beam-propagation axis. The origin of this symmetry breakdown is a thermal effect. Our observation of a conoscopic pattern is accounted for by a quadratic stress and refractive index distribution model. By spatial integration of the conoscopic pattern, the laser-induced stress birefringence variation as a function of the incident beam power is determined.

BirefringenceMaterials sciencePhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Condensed matter physicsUniaxial crystalbusiness.industryGeneral EngineeringPhysics::OpticsGeneral Physics and Astronomychemistry.chemical_elementTerbiumLaserTerbium gallium garnetlaw.inventionCrystalOptical axischemistry.chemical_compoundOpticschemistrylawbusinessRefractive indexApplied Physics B: Lasers and Optics
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Experimental and theoretical study of the nonlinear birefringence in the formation process of vector solitons in a total polarization control ring ca…

2022

Abstract In this work, we present the numerical and experimental investigation of the polarization dynamics in a free birefringence mode-locked fiber laser. The laser includes a double-pass Erbium-doped fiber amplifier and 20-m long bi-twisted fiber at a twist rate of ± 6 turns m−1 to mitigate both, linear and circular birefringence effects. We found ellipticity changes due to nonlinear birefringence in the 20-m long fiber during pulse formation and propagation. In contrast with previously reported works, the inclusion of bi-twisted fiber allows investigate the nonlinear effects independently from the linear ones. The experimental behavior was confirmed by numerical simulations based on spl…

BirefringenceMaterials scienceVector solitonbusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsLaserPolarization (waves)Atomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsPulse (physics)law.inventionNonlinear systemOpticslawFiber laserFiberElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessOptics & Laser Technology
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Vers le contrôle de l'alignement et de l'orientation : théorie et expérience

2010

This thesis is about the control and characterisation of the alignment and orientation of molecules by ultra short laser pulses on a theoretical and experimental approach. Alignment corresponds to a symmetric angular distribution of the molecular axis peaked along the laser field axis, whereas orientation provides an asymmetric distribution favouring one spatial direction. Orientation by sudden two-colour (2+1) pulses is studied extensively for the non resonant case and conditions required for achieving significant orientation are explored. A second two-colour scheme, where the second harmonic is in quasi resonance with a vibrational level of the molecule, is also presented and discussed. T…

BiréfringenceChamp bi couleurNO moleculeMolécule N2Impulsions laser ultracourtesUltra short laserSingle-shot detection[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other]PolarizabilityExcitation rovibrationnelleN2 moleculeMoment angulaireBirefringenceOrientation moléculaireMolecular alignmentRotational wave packetAlignement moléculaireAngular momentum[ PHYS.COND.CM-GEN ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other]CO2 moleculeMolecular orientationPhase controlTwo-colour fieldPolarisabilitéHyperpolarizability[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other]Molécule NOHyperpolarisabilitéRovibrational excitationPaquet d'ondes rotationnellesControl cohérentCoherent controlMolécule CO2Interférences
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Experimental demonstration of phase bistability in a broad-area optical oscillator with injected signal

2015

We demonstrate experimentally that a broad-area laserlike optical oscillator (a nondegenerate photorefractive oscillator) with structured injected signal displays two-phase patterns. The technique [de Valc\'arcel and Staliunas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 054101 (2010)] consists in spatially modulating the injection, so that its phase alternates periodically between two opposite values, i.e., differing by $\ensuremath{\pi}$.

Bistability:Física::Mecànica quàntica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]educationPhase (waves)FOS: Physical sciencesPattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)SignalOpticsOptical chaos complexityphotorefractive and Kerr effectsDynamics of nonlinear optical systemsPatternsPhysicsLàsersbusiness.industryLasersPhase conjugationPhotorefractive effectNonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and SolitonsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsOptical spatio-temporal dynamicsOptical instabilitiesAtomic physicsPhase conjugationbusinessPhysics - OpticsOptics (physics.optics)
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Coexistence of single-mode and multi-longitudinal mode emission in the ring laser model

2005

A homogeneously broadened unidirectonal ring laser can emit in several longitudinal modes for large enough pump and cavity length because of Rabi splitting induced gain. This is the so called Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instability. We investigate numerically the properties of the multi-mode solution. We show that this solution can coexist with the single-mode one, and its stability domain can extend to pump values smaller than the critical pump of the RNGH instability. Morevoer, we show that the multi-mode solution for large pump values is affected by two different instabilities: a pitchfork bifurcation, which preserves phase-locking, and a Hopf bifurcation, which destroys it.

BistabilityFOS: Physical sciencesPhysics::OpticsRing laserInstabilityOptical bistabilityLongitudinal modesymbols.namesakeINSTABILITIESOpticsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryHopf bifurcationPhysicsbusiness.industrySingle-mode optical fiberNonlinear Sciences - Chaotic DynamicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPULSESElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsPitchfork bifurcationsymbolsTURBULENCEChaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)businessOptics (physics.optics)Physics - Optics
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