Search results for "layer"

showing 10 items of 2667 documents

Singular behavior of a vortex layer in the zero thickness limit

2017

The aim of this paper is to study the Euler dynamics of a 2D periodic layer of non uniform vorticity. We consider the zero thickness limit and we compare the Euler solution with the vortex sheet evolution predicted by the Birkhoff-Rott equation. The well known process of singularity formation in shape of the vortex sheet correlates with the appearance of several complex singularities in the Euler solution with the vortex layer datum. These singularities approach the real axis and are responsible for the roll-up process in the layer motion.

PhysicsSingularity tracking methodCondensed matter physicsGeneral MathematicsZero (complex analysis)GeometryStarting vortex01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmasVortex ringVortex010101 applied mathematicsBirkhoff-Rott equationVortex layer0103 physical sciencesVortex sheetBurgers vortexLimit (mathematics)0101 mathematicsVortex-sheetLayer (electronics)Settore MAT/07 - Fisica Matematica
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Surface effects on spinodal decomposition in binary mixtures: The case with long-ranged surface fields

1997

We present detailed numerical results for phase-separation kinetics of critical binary mixtures in the vicinity of a surface that exerts a long-ranged attractive force on one of the components of the mixture. We consider surface potentials of the form $V(Z)\ensuremath{\sim}{Z}^{\ensuremath{-}n}$, where $Z$ is the distance from the surface and $n=1,2,3$. In particular, we investigate the interplay of the surface wetting layer with the dynamics of domain growth. We find that the wetting layer at the surface exhibits power-law growth with an exponent that depends on $n$, in contrast to the case with a short-ranged surface potential, where the growth is presumably logarithmic. From correlation …

PhysicsSurface (mathematics)Characteristic lengthLogarithmCondensed matter physicsSpinodal decompositionPerpendicularExponentBinary numberThermodynamicsWetting layerPhysical Review E
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Self‐similar problems for modeling the surface chemical reactions with the gravitation

1998

The mathematical model of a chemical reaction which takes place on the surface of the uniformly moving vertically imbedded glass fibre material is considered. The effect of gravitation is taken into account. Boussinesq's and boundary layer fittings allow to derive boundary value problems for self‐similar systems of ordinary differential equations. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

PhysicsSurface (mathematics)Mathematical analysisGlass fiber-Chemical reactionGravitationBoundary layerModeling and SimulationOrdinary differential equationQA1-939Surface chemicalBoundary value problemAnalysisMathematicsMathematical Modelling and Analysis
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THEORETISGHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DEN EINFLUSS DER VERWITTERUNGSSCHICHT AUF DAS SPEKTRUM ELASTISCHER WELLEN IN DER REFLEXIONSSEISMIK

1957

The following assumptions are made in the mathematical treatment of the problem. Below a plane earth's surface there is a three-layered elastic medium the interfaces of which are parallel to the earth's surface. The uppermost layer represents the weathered layer in which the velocity of propagation of seismic waves increases linearly with depth. The two lower layers, the so-called intermediate layer and the substratum each have a constant velocity. The surface of the earth is acted on simultaneously by a normal pressure N in the form of a Heaviside pulse. The seismic wave thus generated is propagated through the elastic media. The aim of the investigation is to study the shape of the wave 1…

PhysicsSurface (mathematics)Plane (geometry)Heaviside step functionbusiness.industryVelocity factorGeometrySeismic wavePhysics::GeophysicsPulse (physics)symbols.namesakeGeophysicsOpticsGeochemistry and PetrologysymbolsbusinessLayer (electronics)Bessel functionGeophysical Prospecting
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Advanced models for nonlocal magneto-electro-elastic multilayered plates based on Reissner mixed variational theorem

2019

In the present work, nonlocal layer-wise models for the analysis of magneto-electro-elastic multilayered plates are formulated. An Eringen non-local continuum behaviour is assumed for the layers material; in particular, as usual in plate theories, partial in-plane nonlocality is assumed whereas local constitutive behaviour is considered in the thickness direction. The proposed plate theories are obtained via the Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem, assuming the generalized displacements and generalized out-of-plane stresses as primary variables, and expressing them as through-the-thickness expansions of suitably selected functions, considering the expansion order as a free parameter. In the …

PhysicsWork (thermodynamics)Classical mechanicsMechanics of MaterialsContinuum (topology)Advanced plate theories Nonlocal plate theories Carrera Unified Formulation Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem Smart plates Layerwise modelsMechanical EngineeringGeneral MathematicsGeneral Materials ScienceSettore ING-IND/04 - Costruzioni E Strutture AerospazialiMagnetoCivil and Structural EngineeringMechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures
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X-ray spectroscopy and dosimetry with a portable CdTe device.

2007

Abstract X-ray spectra and dosimetry information are very important for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) in medical diagnostic X-ray systems. An accurate knowledge of the diagnostic X-ray spectra would improve the patient dose optimization, without compromising image information. In this work, we performed direct diagnostic X-ray spectra measurements with a portable device, based on a CdTe solid-state detector. The portable device is able to directly measure X-ray spectra at high photon fluence rates, as typical of clinical radiography. We investigated on the spectral performances of the system in the mammographic energy range (up to ∼40 keV). Good system response to monoener…

PhysicsX-ray spectroscopy CdTe detectorsNuclear and High Energy Physicsmedicine.medical_specialtyReproducibilitybusiness.industryDetectorExposure HVLFluenceFull width at half maximumQuality (physics)OpticsmedicineDosimetryMedical physicsSpectroscopybusinessInstrumentationHalf-value layer
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Sodium vapor cell laser guide star experiments for continuous wave model validation

2016

Recent numerical simulations and experiments on sodium Laser Guide Star (LGS) have shown that a continuous wave (CW) laser with circular polarization and re-pumping should maximize the fluorescent photon return flux to the wavefront sensor for adaptive optics applications. The orientation and strength of the geomagnetic field in the sodium layer also play an important role affecting the LGS return ux. Field measurements of the LGS return flux show agreement with the CW LGS model, however, fluctuations in the sodium column abundance and geomagnetic field intensity, as well as atmospheric turbulence, induce experimental uncertainties. We describe a laboratory experiment to measure the photon …

Physicsbusiness.industryAstrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsPhysics::OpticsSodium layerLaserPolarization (waves)01 natural scienceslaw.invention010309 opticsLaser linewidthOpticsLaser guide starlaw0103 physical sciencesContinuous wavebusinessAdaptive optics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsCircular polarizationAdaptive Optics Systems V
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High-rate x-ray spectroscopy in mammography with a CdTe detector: A digital pulse processing approach

2010

Purpose:Direct measurement of mammographic x-ray spectra under clinical conditions is a difficult task due to the high fluence rate of the x-ray beams as well as the limits in the development of high resolution detection systems in a high counting rate environment. In this work we present a detection system, based on a CdTe detector and an innovative digital pulse processing (DPP) system, for high-rate x-ray spectroscopy in mammography. Methods: The DPP system performs a digital pile-up inspection and a digital pulse height analysis of the detector signals, digitized through a 14-bit, 100 MHz digitizer, for x-ray spectroscopy even at high photon counting rates. We investigated on the respon…

Physicsbusiness.industryDetectorX-ray detectorGeneral MedicinePhoton countingFull width at half maximumOpticsQuality (physics)Ionization chamberSpectroscopybusinessNuclear medicineHalf-value layerMedical Physics
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A lumped model for a seismic source

1993

A lumped mechanical model is proposed and solved. This model is dynamically equivalent, in the mean field approximation, to a faulted lithosphere. The transition from the continuous system (modelled according to W. H. Prescott and A. Nur) to the lumped one, has been made by preserving all the relevant features exhibited by the continuous system. In particular the coupling between different components of the stress and strain tensors is suitably taken into account. The dynamics of the lumped system depends on six control parameters fixed by the physical properties of the continuous system. Three of the control parameters are dimensionless and describe: the seismic wave quality factor of the…

Physicsbusiness.industryStress–strain curveMathematical analysisGeneral MedicineStructural engineeringKinematicsSeismic waveSeismogenic layerRigidity (electromagnetism)Mean field theoryLithospherebusinessDimensionless quantityProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences
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Heat Conduction Problem for Double-Layered Ball

2014

Heat conduction models for double layered spherical sample are developed. Parabolic (classic, based on Fourier’s Law) and hyperbolic (based on Modified Fourier’s Law) heat conduction equations are used to describe processes in the sample during Intensive Quenching. Solution and numerical results are obtained for 1D model using Conservative Averaging method and transforming the original problem for a sphere to a new problem for a slab, with non classic boundary condition. Models include boundary conditions of third kind and non-linear BC case. Numerical results are presented for several relaxation time and initial heat flux values.

Physicssymbols.namesakeFourier transformCritical heat fluxDouble layeredMathematical analysisSlabsymbolsHeat equationBoundary value problemBall (mathematics)Thermal conduction
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